| Name | appstrings JSON |
| Version |
1.0.1
JSON |
| download |
| home_page | |
| Summary | Minimal string translation library |
| upload_time | 2024-01-25 09:00:39 |
| maintainer | |
| docs_url | None |
| author | Ángel Fernández Pineda |
| requires_python | >=3.11 |
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| keywords |
translation
internationalization
i18n
|
| VCS |
 |
| bugtrack_url |
|
| requirements |
No requirements were recorded.
|
| Travis-CI |
No Travis.
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| coveralls test coverage |
No coveralls.
|
# Minimal string translation library for Python
In summary:
- Developers reference translatable strings using identifiers in an enumeration class.
- Language-specific strings are written in several enumeration classes.
- The library transparently transforms string identifiers into already translated strings,
depending on the system locale or user-selected locale.
This is neither a full internationalization library nor suitable for usual translation workflows.
Make sure it meets your needs.
If not, there are other libraries that do the job, for example,
[gettext](https://docs.python.org/3/library/gettext.html).
## How to use
### Translate text for each locale
Define all translatable strings in an enumeration class.
Those enumerations are called **translators** in the context of this library.
Additionally:
- You **must** also define a `_lang` attribute and set its value
to the corresponding locale or language string.
A list of valid locale strings can be found at
[saimana.com](https://saimana.com/list-of-country-locale-code/).
- You **should** also define a `_domain` attribute and set its value
to your application's name or any other random string. This prevents any conflict
with translators from other libraries (if any). If not given, current
module name is used, so you must create all your translators in the same module
in that case.
For example:
```python
from enum import Enum
class EN(Enum):
_lang = "en"
_domain = "appstrings.example"
TEST = "Hello world!"
class ES_MX(Enum):
_lang = "es_MX"
_domain = "appstrings.example"
TEST = "¡Hola mundo!"
```
Then, all translators must be "installed" at initialization:
```python
from appstrings import install
install(EN)
install(ES_MX)
```
The library will check that all installed translators enumerate the same set of constants,
except for "sunder" and "dunder" ones.
Use that notation for non-translatable attributes if you need to. For example:
```python
class ES_MX(Enum):
_lang = "es_MX"
_domain = "appstrings.example"
_note = "this is a developer note, not to be translated"
TEST = "¡Hola mundo!"
```
Note that another library imported in your project may use *appstrings* as well, thus installing its own translators.
Use the *_domain* attribute to prevent any conflict.
### Use already translated text
The function `gettext()` is used for translation. For example:
```python
from appstrings import gettext
print(gettext(EN.TEST))
```
You may want to alias `gettext` to `_` for convenience:
```python
_ = gettext
print(_(EN.TEST)) # Print translated string, depending on current locale
```
This way, you may disable translation at any time for development purposes:
```python
# _ = gettext
_ = lambda id: id._value_
print(_(EN.TEST)) # Always print all strings in english, for now
```
The library chooses the best-matching translator for the current translation locale, which is initialized from `locale.getlocale()`.
You may force a specific locale for translation at any time:
```python
from appstrings import set_translation_locale
set_translation_locale("es_MX")
print(_(EN.TEST)) # Prints text in spanish language of Mexico
```
then force the system locale again:
```python
set_translation_locale()
```
Note that forcing a specific locale not available in your application will not *magically* translate your strings to that locale.
### Fallback to a default language
In the previous examples, there is no translator for the locale *pt_BR*, to say one.
In such a case, the translator used in `gettext()` will work as the **default language** for non-translated locales.
In the early example, brazilian people would read the text in english.
However, if `print(_(ES_MX.TEST))` were used instead, brazilian people would read the text in spanish.
The ability to change the default language at any time comes from aliases:
```python
STR = EN
print(_(STR.TEST)) # Prints TEST string in english if there is no matching translator
STR = ES_MX
print(_(STR.TEST)) # Prints TEST string in spanish if there is no matching translator
```
This approach is developer-friendly, but not user-friendly.
### Be user-friendly
Your application should allow the user to choose an available language
via command-line parameters, environment variables or other means.
The function `get_installed_translators()` will help in order to show a list of
available languages:
```python
print("Available languages/locales:")
for translator in get_installed_translators(STR._domain._value_):
print(translator._lang._value_)
```
Obviously, you already know which languages are available in your application,
but this approach ensures you don't have to modify your code after adding a new translator.
Call `set_translation_locale()` to make effective the user preference.
### Organize your code for translation
You may spread your translators along many source files as long as your application imports and installs them.
For example:
```mermaid
flowchart TB
main["__main__.py (your application)"]
default["translation.py (defines default language)"]
lang_es["translation_es.py (defines spanish translator)"]
lang_pt["translation_pt.py (defines portuguese translator)"]
main --imports--> default
default --imports--> lang_es
default --imports--> lang_pt
```
But the following schema will work just the same:
```mermaid
flowchart TB
main["__main__.py (your application)"]
default["translation.py (defines default language)"]
lang_es["translation_es.py (defines spanish translator)"]
lang_pt["translation_pt.py (defines portuguese translator)"]
main --imports--> default
main --imports--> lang_es
main --imports--> lang_pt
```
The "translation*.py" files would look like this:
```python
from enum import Enum
from appstrings import install
class CertainTranslator(Enum):
_lang = ...
_domain = ...
TEXT1 = ...
TEXT2 = ...
...
install(CertainTranslator)
```
That is all about this library. As simple as that.
### Troubleshooting
- Why some strings are properly translated, but not others?
- Ensure all your translators have a *_domain* attribute set to the very same value (case-sensitive).
- I get a TranslatorException : *String ID XXX from YYYY is missing at ZZZZ*. Why ?
There are two possible reasons:
- One of your translators is missing a string that others have. Check.
- Your application is in conflict with some library. User another string int the "_domain" attribute.
Raw data
{
"_id": null,
"home_page": "",
"name": "appstrings",
"maintainer": "",
"docs_url": null,
"requires_python": ">=3.11",
"maintainer_email": "",
"keywords": "translation,internationalization,I18N",
"author": "\u00c1ngel Fern\u00e1ndez Pineda",
"author_email": "",
"download_url": "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/2e/2a/15f89ef0bbd37b9e38b96f4504971a6de2c07437920764ed08a578f916ff/appstrings-1.0.1.tar.gz",
"platform": null,
"description": "# Minimal string translation library for Python\r\n\r\nIn summary:\r\n\r\n- Developers reference translatable strings using identifiers in an enumeration class.\r\n- Language-specific strings are written in several enumeration classes.\r\n- The library transparently transforms string identifiers into already translated strings,\r\n depending on the system locale or user-selected locale.\r\n\r\nThis is neither a full internationalization library nor suitable for usual translation workflows.\r\nMake sure it meets your needs.\r\nIf not, there are other libraries that do the job, for example,\r\n[gettext](https://docs.python.org/3/library/gettext.html).\r\n\r\n## How to use\r\n\r\n### Translate text for each locale\r\n\r\nDefine all translatable strings in an enumeration class.\r\nThose enumerations are called **translators** in the context of this library.\r\nAdditionally:\r\n\r\n- You **must** also define a `_lang` attribute and set its value\r\n to the corresponding locale or language string.\r\n A list of valid locale strings can be found at\r\n [saimana.com](https://saimana.com/list-of-country-locale-code/).\r\n- You **should** also define a `_domain` attribute and set its value\r\n to your application's name or any other random string. This prevents any conflict\r\n with translators from other libraries (if any). If not given, current\r\n module name is used, so you must create all your translators in the same module\r\n in that case.\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n```python\r\nfrom enum import Enum\r\n\r\nclass EN(Enum):\r\n _lang = \"en\"\r\n _domain = \"appstrings.example\"\r\n TEST = \"Hello world!\"\r\n\r\nclass ES_MX(Enum):\r\n _lang = \"es_MX\"\r\n _domain = \"appstrings.example\"\r\n TEST = \"\u00a1Hola mundo!\"\r\n```\r\n\r\nThen, all translators must be \"installed\" at initialization:\r\n\r\n```python\r\nfrom appstrings import install\r\n\r\ninstall(EN)\r\ninstall(ES_MX)\r\n```\r\n\r\nThe library will check that all installed translators enumerate the same set of constants,\r\nexcept for \"sunder\" and \"dunder\" ones.\r\nUse that notation for non-translatable attributes if you need to. For example:\r\n\r\n```python\r\nclass ES_MX(Enum):\r\n _lang = \"es_MX\"\r\n _domain = \"appstrings.example\"\r\n _note = \"this is a developer note, not to be translated\"\r\n TEST = \"\u00a1Hola mundo!\"\r\n```\r\n\r\nNote that another library imported in your project may use *appstrings* as well, thus installing its own translators.\r\nUse the *_domain* attribute to prevent any conflict.\r\n\r\n### Use already translated text\r\n\r\nThe function `gettext()` is used for translation. For example:\r\n\r\n```python\r\nfrom appstrings import gettext\r\n\r\nprint(gettext(EN.TEST))\r\n```\r\n\r\nYou may want to alias `gettext` to `_` for convenience:\r\n\r\n```python\r\n_ = gettext\r\n\r\nprint(_(EN.TEST)) # Print translated string, depending on current locale\r\n```\r\n\r\nThis way, you may disable translation at any time for development purposes:\r\n\r\n```python\r\n# _ = gettext\r\n\r\n_ = lambda id: id._value_\r\n\r\nprint(_(EN.TEST)) # Always print all strings in english, for now\r\n```\r\n\r\nThe library chooses the best-matching translator for the current translation locale, which is initialized from `locale.getlocale()`.\r\nYou may force a specific locale for translation at any time:\r\n\r\n```python\r\nfrom appstrings import set_translation_locale\r\n\r\nset_translation_locale(\"es_MX\")\r\nprint(_(EN.TEST)) # Prints text in spanish language of Mexico\r\n```\r\n\r\nthen force the system locale again:\r\n\r\n```python\r\nset_translation_locale()\r\n```\r\n\r\nNote that forcing a specific locale not available in your application will not *magically* translate your strings to that locale.\r\n\r\n### Fallback to a default language\r\n\r\nIn the previous examples, there is no translator for the locale *pt_BR*, to say one.\r\nIn such a case, the translator used in `gettext()` will work as the **default language** for non-translated locales.\r\nIn the early example, brazilian people would read the text in english.\r\nHowever, if `print(_(ES_MX.TEST))` were used instead, brazilian people would read the text in spanish.\r\n\r\nThe ability to change the default language at any time comes from aliases:\r\n\r\n```python\r\nSTR = EN\r\n\r\nprint(_(STR.TEST)) # Prints TEST string in english if there is no matching translator\r\n\r\nSTR = ES_MX\r\n\r\nprint(_(STR.TEST)) # Prints TEST string in spanish if there is no matching translator\r\n```\r\n\r\nThis approach is developer-friendly, but not user-friendly.\r\n\r\n### Be user-friendly\r\n\r\nYour application should allow the user to choose an available language\r\nvia command-line parameters, environment variables or other means.\r\n\r\nThe function `get_installed_translators()` will help in order to show a list of\r\navailable languages:\r\n\r\n```python\r\nprint(\"Available languages/locales:\")\r\nfor translator in get_installed_translators(STR._domain._value_):\r\n print(translator._lang._value_)\r\n```\r\n\r\nObviously, you already know which languages are available in your application,\r\nbut this approach ensures you don't have to modify your code after adding a new translator.\r\n\r\nCall `set_translation_locale()` to make effective the user preference.\r\n\r\n### Organize your code for translation\r\n\r\nYou may spread your translators along many source files as long as your application imports and installs them.\r\n\r\nFor example:\r\n\r\n```mermaid\r\nflowchart TB\r\n main[\"__main__.py (your application)\"]\r\n default[\"translation.py (defines default language)\"]\r\n lang_es[\"translation_es.py (defines spanish translator)\"]\r\n lang_pt[\"translation_pt.py (defines portuguese translator)\"]\r\n\r\n main --imports--> default\r\n default --imports--> lang_es\r\n default --imports--> lang_pt\r\n```\r\n\r\nBut the following schema will work just the same:\r\n\r\n```mermaid\r\nflowchart TB\r\n main[\"__main__.py (your application)\"]\r\n default[\"translation.py (defines default language)\"]\r\n lang_es[\"translation_es.py (defines spanish translator)\"]\r\n lang_pt[\"translation_pt.py (defines portuguese translator)\"]\r\n\r\n main --imports--> default\r\n main --imports--> lang_es\r\n main --imports--> lang_pt\r\n```\r\n\r\nThe \"translation*.py\" files would look like this:\r\n\r\n```python\r\nfrom enum import Enum\r\nfrom appstrings import install\r\n\r\nclass CertainTranslator(Enum):\r\n _lang = ...\r\n _domain = ...\r\n TEXT1 = ...\r\n TEXT2 = ...\r\n ...\r\n\r\ninstall(CertainTranslator)\r\n```\r\n\r\nThat is all about this library. As simple as that.\r\n\r\n### Troubleshooting\r\n\r\n- Why some strings are properly translated, but not others?\r\n\r\n - Ensure all your translators have a *_domain* attribute set to the very same value (case-sensitive).\r\n\r\n- I get a TranslatorException : *String ID XXX from YYYY is missing at ZZZZ*. Why ?\r\n\r\n There are two possible reasons:\r\n - One of your translators is missing a string that others have. Check.\r\n - Your application is in conflict with some library. User another string int the \"_domain\" attribute.\r\n",
"bugtrack_url": null,
"license": "EUROPEAN UNION PUBLIC LICENCE v. 1.2 EUPL \u00a9 the European Union 2007, 2016 This European Union Public Licence (the \u2018EUPL\u2019) applies to the Work (as defined below) which is provided under the terms of this Licence. Any use of the Work, other than as authorised under this Licence is prohibited (to the extent such use is covered by a right of the copyright holder of the Work). The Work is provided under the terms of this Licence when the Licensor (as defined below) has placed the following notice immediately following the copyright notice for the Work: Licensed under the EUPL or has expressed by any other means his willingness to license under the EUPL. 1. Definitions In this Licence, the following terms have the following meaning: - \u2018The Licence\u2019: this Licence. - \u2018The Original Work\u2019: the work or software distributed or communicated by the Licensor under this Licence, available as Source Code and also as Executable Code as the case may be. - \u2018Derivative Works\u2019: the works or software that could be created by the Licensee, based upon the Original Work or modifications thereof. This Licence does not define the extent of modification or dependence on the Original Work required in order to classify a work as a Derivative Work; this extent is determined by copyright law applicable in the country mentioned in Article 15. - \u2018The Work\u2019: the Original Work or its Derivative Works. - \u2018The Source Code\u2019: the human-readable form of the Work which is the most convenient for people to study and modify. - \u2018The Executable Code\u2019: any code which has generally been compiled and which is meant to be interpreted by a computer as a program. - \u2018The Licensor\u2019: the natural or legal person that distributes or communicates the Work under the Licence. - \u2018Contributor(s)\u2019: any natural or legal person who modifies the Work under the Licence, or otherwise contributes to the creation of a Derivative Work. - \u2018The Licensee\u2019 or \u2018You\u2019: any natural or legal person who makes any usage of the Work under the terms of the Licence. - \u2018Distribution\u2019 or \u2018Communication\u2019: any act of selling, giving, lending, renting, distributing, communicating, transmitting, or otherwise making available, online or offline, copies of the Work or providing access to its essential functionalities at the disposal of any other natural or legal person. 2. 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