PythonSLM


NamePythonSLM JSON
Version 0.6.0 PyPI version JSON
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SummaryPython Package for Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Development
upload_time2024-07-25 21:42:10
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requires_python>=3.7
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keywords 3d printing am additive manufacturing geometry l-pbf slm selective laser melting
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            PySLM Python Library for Selective Laser Melting and Additive Manufacturing
=============================================================================


.. image:: https://github.com/drlukeparry/pyslm/raw/dev/docs/images/pyslm.png
    :alt:  PySLM - Library for Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing including Selective Laser Melting
.. image:: https://github.com/drlukeparry/pyslm/actions/workflows/pythonpublish.yml/badge.svg
    :target: https://github.com/drlukeparry/pyslm/actions
.. image:: https://readthedocs.org/projects/pyslm/badge/?version=latest
    :target: https://pyslm.readthedocs.io/en/latest/?badge=latest
    :alt: Documentation Status
.. image:: https://badge.fury.io/py/PythonSLM.svg
    :target: https://badge.fury.io/py/PythonSLM
.. image:: https://static.pepy.tech/personalized-badge/pythonslm?period=total&units=international_system&left_color=black&right_color=orange&left_text=Downloads
    :target: https://pepy.tech/project/pythonslm


PySLM is a Python library for supporting development and generation of build files in Additive Manufacturing or 3D
Printing, in particular Selective Laser Melting (SLM), Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) platforms typically used
in both academia and industry. The core capabilities aim to include slicing, hatching and support generation and
providing an interface to the binary build file formats available for platforms. The library is built of core classes
which may provide the basic functionality to generate the scan vectors used on systems and also be used as building
blocks to prototype and develop new algorithms.

This library provides design tools for use in Additive Manufacturing including the slicing, hatching, support generation
and related analysis tools (e.g. overhang analysis, build-time estimation).

PySLM is built-upon `Trimesh <https://github.com/mikedh/trimesh>`_ v4.0 for mesh handling and manipulation
and the polygon clipping and offsetting provided by `Clipper 2 <https://github.com/AngusJohnson/Clipper2>`_ library
via `Pyclipr <https://github.com/drlukeparry/pyclipr>`_, which together leveraged to provide the slicing and
manipulation of polygons, such as offsetting and clipping of scan vectors used.

The aims of this library is to provide a useful set of tools for prototyping novel pre-processing approaches to aid
research and development of Additive Manufacturing processes, amongst an academic environment. The tools aim to
compliment experimental and analytical studies that can enrich scientific understanding of the process. This includes
data-fusion from experiments and sensors within the process but also enhancing the capability of the process by
providing greater control over the process. Furthermore, the open nature of the library intends to inform and educate
those interested in the underlying algorithms of preparing toolpaths in Additive Manufacturing.

Current Features
******************

PySLM is building up a core feature set aiming to provide the basic blocks for primarily generating the scan paths and
additional design features used for AM and 3D printing systems typically (SLM/SLS/SLA) systems which consolidate material
using a single/multi point exposure by generating a series of scan vectors in a region.

**Slicing:**

* Slicing of triangular meshes supported via the `Trimesh <https://github.com/mikedh/trimesh>`_ library.
* Simplification of 2D layer boundaries
* Bitmap slicing for SLA, DLP, Inkjet Systems

**Hatching:**
The following operations are provided as a convenience to aid the development of novel scan strategies in Selective
Laser Melting:

* Offsetting of contours and boundaries
* Trimming of lines and hatch vectors (sequentially ordered and sorted)

The following scan strategies have been implemented as reference for AM platforms:

* Standard 'alternating' hatching
* Stripe scan strategy
* Island or checkerboard scan strategy

**Support Structure Generation**

PySLM provides underlying tools and a framework for identifying and generating support structures suitable for SLM
and other AM processes. Tools are provided identifying overhang areas based on their mesh and connectivity
information, but also using a projection based method. The projection method takes advantage of GPU GLSL shaders for
providing an efficient raytracing approach. Using the `Manifold <https://github.com/elalish/manifold>`_ boolean CSG
library, an algorithm for extracting precise definition of volumetric support regions. These regions are segmented
based on self-intersections with the mesh. From these volumes, porous grid-truss structure suitable for SLM based
process can be generated.

.. image:: https://github.com/drlukeparry/pyslm/raw/dev/docs/images/pyslmSupportStructures.png
    :alt: The tools available in PySLM for locating overhang regions and support regions for 3D Printing and
          generating volumetric block supports alongside grid-truss based support structures suitable for SLM.
    :width: 80%
    :align: center

* Extracting overhang surfaces from meshes with optional connectivity information
* Projection based block and truss support structure generation
    * 3D intersected support volumes are generated from overhang regions using OpenGL ray-tracing approach
    * Generate a truss grid using support volumes suitable for Metal AM processes
    * Perforated teeth for support connection
    * Exact support volume generation using `Manifold <https://github.com/elalish/manifold>`_ CSG library

**Visualisation:**

The laser scan vectors can be visualised using ``Matplotlib``. The order of the scan vectors can be shown to aid
development of the scan strategies, but additional information such length, laser parameter information associated
with each scan vector can be shown.

.. image:: https://github.com/drlukeparry/pyslm/raw/dev/docs/images/pyslmVisualisationTools.png
    :alt: The tools available in PySLM for visualising analyisng collections of scan vectors used in SLM.
    :width: 80%
    :align: center

* Scan vector plots (including underlying BuildStyle information and properties)
* Exposure point visualisation
* Exposure (effective heat) map generation
* Overhang visualisation

**Analysis:**

* Build time estimation tools
    * Based on scan strategy and geometry
    * Time estimation based on LayerGeometry
* Iterators (Scan Vector and Exposure Points) useful for simulation studies

**Export to Machine Files:**

Currently the capability to enable translation to commercial machine build platforms is being providing through a
supporting library called `libSLM <https://github.com/drlukeparry/libSLM>`_ . This is a c++ library to enable efficient
import and export across various commercial machine build files. With support from individuals the following machine
build file formats have been developed.

* Renishaw MTT (**.mtt**),
* DMG Mori Realizer (**.rea**),
* CLI/CLI+ & .ilt (**.cli**/**.ilt**),
* EOS SLI formats (**.sli**)
* SLM Solutions (**.slm**).

If you would like to support implementing a custom format, please raise a `request <https://github.com/drlukeparry/pyslm/issues>`_.
For further information, see the latest `release notes <https://github.com/drlukeparry/pyslm/blob/dev/CHANGELOG.md>`_.

Installation
*************
Installation is currently supported on Windows, Mac OS X and Linux environments. The pre-requisites for using PySLM
can be installed via PyPi and/or Anaconda distribution.

.. code:: bash

    conda install -c conda-forge shapely, Rtree, networkx, scikit-image
    conda install trimesh

If you are interested using the support generation module, there are additional dependencies that
are required to be installed. These are not required for the core functionality of PySLM such as slicing and hatching.
These require a working OpenGL environment to work via `vispy <https://vispy.org>`_ - the PyQt5 module provides the
OpenGL backend for this currently, which is currently supported across all major platforms.

.. code:: bash

    pip install vispy pyqt5 triangle pyclipr manifold3d mapbox-earcut

Installation of PySLM can be performed using pre-built python packages using the PyPi repository. Additionally to
interface with commercial L-PBF systems, the user can choose to install libSLM. Note, the user should contact the author
to request machine build file translators, as this cannot be installed currently without having the machine build file
translators available.

.. code:: bash

    pip install PythonSLM

Alternatively, PySLM may be compiled directly from source. For PySLM version (>v0.6) the entire library are now written
exclusively in Python, therefore a seperate compiler infrastructure (cython) is not required.

.. code:: bash

    git clone https://github.com/drlukeparry/pyslm.git && cd ./pyslm
    python setup.py install

Usage
********
A basic example below, shows how relatively straightforward it is to generate a single layer from a STL mesh which
generates a the hatch infill using a Stripe Scan Strategy typically employed on some commercial systems to limit the
maximum scan vector length generated in a region.

.. code:: python

    import pyslm
    import pyslm.visualise
    from pyslm import hatching as hatching

    # Imports the part and sets the geometry to an STL file (frameGuide.stl)
    solidPart = pyslm.Part('myFrameGuide')
    solidPart.setGeometry('../models/frameGuide.stl')

    # Set te slice layer position
    z = 23.

    # Create a StripeHatcher object for performing any hatching operations
    myHatcher = hatching.StripeHatcher()
    myHatcher.stripeWidth = 5.0 # [mm]

    # Set the base hatching parameters which are generated within Hatcher
    myHatcher.hatchAngle = 10 # [°]
    myHatcher.volumeOffsetHatch = 0.08 # [mm]
    myHatcher.spotCompensation = 0.06 # [mm]
    myHatcher.numInnerContours = 2
    myHatcher.numOuterContours = 1

    # Slice the object at Z and get the boundaries
    geomSlice = solidPart.getVectorSlice(z)

    # Perform the hatching operations
    layer = myHatcher.hatch(geomSlice)

    # Plot the layer geometries generated
    pyslm.visualise.plot(layer, plot3D=False, plotOrderLine=True) # plotArrows=True)

The result of the script output is shown here

.. image:: https://github.com/drlukeparry/pyslm/raw/dev/docs/images/stripe_scan_strategy_example.png
   :width: 50%
   :align: center
   :alt:  PySLM - Illustration of a Stripe Scan Strategy employed in 3D printing

For further guidance please look at documented examples are provided in
`examples <https://github.com/drlukeparry/pyslm/tree/master/examples>`_ .

Raw data

            {
    "_id": null,
    "home_page": null,
    "name": "PythonSLM",
    "maintainer": null,
    "docs_url": null,
    "requires_python": ">=3.7",
    "maintainer_email": null,
    "keywords": "3D Printing, AM, Additive Manufacturing, Geometry, L-PBF, SLM, Selective Laser Melting",
    "author": null,
    "author_email": "Luke Parry <dev@lukeparry.uk>",
    "download_url": null,
    "platform": null,
    "description": "PySLM Python Library for Selective Laser Melting and Additive Manufacturing\n=============================================================================\n\n\n.. image:: https://github.com/drlukeparry/pyslm/raw/dev/docs/images/pyslm.png\n    :alt:  PySLM - Library for Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing including Selective Laser Melting\n.. image:: https://github.com/drlukeparry/pyslm/actions/workflows/pythonpublish.yml/badge.svg\n    :target: https://github.com/drlukeparry/pyslm/actions\n.. image:: https://readthedocs.org/projects/pyslm/badge/?version=latest\n    :target: https://pyslm.readthedocs.io/en/latest/?badge=latest\n    :alt: Documentation Status\n.. image:: https://badge.fury.io/py/PythonSLM.svg\n    :target: https://badge.fury.io/py/PythonSLM\n.. image:: https://static.pepy.tech/personalized-badge/pythonslm?period=total&units=international_system&left_color=black&right_color=orange&left_text=Downloads\n    :target: https://pepy.tech/project/pythonslm\n\n\nPySLM is a Python library for supporting development and generation of build files in Additive Manufacturing or 3D\nPrinting, in particular Selective Laser Melting (SLM), Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) platforms typically used\nin both academia and industry. The core capabilities aim to include slicing, hatching and support generation and\nproviding an interface to the binary build file formats available for platforms. The library is built of core classes\nwhich may provide the basic functionality to generate the scan vectors used on systems and also be used as building\nblocks to prototype and develop new algorithms.\n\nThis library provides design tools for use in Additive Manufacturing including the slicing, hatching, support generation\nand related analysis tools (e.g. overhang analysis, build-time estimation).\n\nPySLM is built-upon `Trimesh <https://github.com/mikedh/trimesh>`_ v4.0 for mesh handling and manipulation\nand the polygon clipping and offsetting provided by `Clipper 2 <https://github.com/AngusJohnson/Clipper2>`_ library\nvia `Pyclipr <https://github.com/drlukeparry/pyclipr>`_, which together leveraged to provide the slicing and\nmanipulation of polygons, such as offsetting and clipping of scan vectors used.\n\nThe aims of this library is to provide a useful set of tools for prototyping novel pre-processing approaches to aid\nresearch and development of Additive Manufacturing processes, amongst an academic environment. The tools aim to\ncompliment experimental and analytical studies that can enrich scientific understanding of the process. This includes\ndata-fusion from experiments and sensors within the process but also enhancing the capability of the process by\nproviding greater control over the process. Furthermore, the open nature of the library intends to inform and educate\nthose interested in the underlying algorithms of preparing toolpaths in Additive Manufacturing.\n\nCurrent Features\n******************\n\nPySLM is building up a core feature set aiming to provide the basic blocks for primarily generating the scan paths and\nadditional design features used for AM and 3D printing systems typically (SLM/SLS/SLA) systems which consolidate material\nusing a single/multi point exposure by generating a series of scan vectors in a region.\n\n**Slicing:**\n\n* Slicing of triangular meshes supported via the `Trimesh <https://github.com/mikedh/trimesh>`_ library.\n* Simplification of 2D layer boundaries\n* Bitmap slicing for SLA, DLP, Inkjet Systems\n\n**Hatching:**\nThe following operations are provided as a convenience to aid the development of novel scan strategies in Selective\nLaser Melting:\n\n* Offsetting of contours and boundaries\n* Trimming of lines and hatch vectors (sequentially ordered and sorted)\n\nThe following scan strategies have been implemented as reference for AM platforms:\n\n* Standard 'alternating' hatching\n* Stripe scan strategy\n* Island or checkerboard scan strategy\n\n**Support Structure Generation**\n\nPySLM provides underlying tools and a framework for identifying and generating support structures suitable for SLM\nand other AM processes. Tools are provided identifying overhang areas based on their mesh and connectivity\ninformation, but also using a projection based method. The projection method takes advantage of GPU GLSL shaders for\nproviding an efficient raytracing approach. Using the `Manifold <https://github.com/elalish/manifold>`_ boolean CSG\nlibrary, an algorithm for extracting precise definition of volumetric support regions. These regions are segmented\nbased on self-intersections with the mesh. From these volumes, porous grid-truss structure suitable for SLM based\nprocess can be generated.\n\n.. image:: https://github.com/drlukeparry/pyslm/raw/dev/docs/images/pyslmSupportStructures.png\n    :alt: The tools available in PySLM for locating overhang regions and support regions for 3D Printing and\n          generating volumetric block supports alongside grid-truss based support structures suitable for SLM.\n    :width: 80%\n    :align: center\n\n* Extracting overhang surfaces from meshes with optional connectivity information\n* Projection based block and truss support structure generation\n    * 3D intersected support volumes are generated from overhang regions using OpenGL ray-tracing approach\n    * Generate a truss grid using support volumes suitable for Metal AM processes\n    * Perforated teeth for support connection\n    * Exact support volume generation using `Manifold <https://github.com/elalish/manifold>`_ CSG library\n\n**Visualisation:**\n\nThe laser scan vectors can be visualised using ``Matplotlib``. The order of the scan vectors can be shown to aid\ndevelopment of the scan strategies, but additional information such length, laser parameter information associated\nwith each scan vector can be shown.\n\n.. image:: https://github.com/drlukeparry/pyslm/raw/dev/docs/images/pyslmVisualisationTools.png\n    :alt: The tools available in PySLM for visualising analyisng collections of scan vectors used in SLM.\n    :width: 80%\n    :align: center\n\n* Scan vector plots (including underlying BuildStyle information and properties)\n* Exposure point visualisation\n* Exposure (effective heat) map generation\n* Overhang visualisation\n\n**Analysis:**\n\n* Build time estimation tools\n    * Based on scan strategy and geometry\n    * Time estimation based on LayerGeometry\n* Iterators (Scan Vector and Exposure Points) useful for simulation studies\n\n**Export to Machine Files:**\n\nCurrently the capability to enable translation to commercial machine build platforms is being providing through a\nsupporting library called `libSLM <https://github.com/drlukeparry/libSLM>`_ . This is a c++ library to enable efficient\nimport and export across various commercial machine build files. With support from individuals the following machine\nbuild file formats have been developed.\n\n* Renishaw MTT (**.mtt**),\n* DMG Mori Realizer (**.rea**),\n* CLI/CLI+ & .ilt (**.cli**/**.ilt**),\n* EOS SLI formats (**.sli**)\n* SLM Solutions (**.slm**).\n\nIf you would like to support implementing a custom format, please raise a `request <https://github.com/drlukeparry/pyslm/issues>`_.\nFor further information, see the latest `release notes <https://github.com/drlukeparry/pyslm/blob/dev/CHANGELOG.md>`_.\n\nInstallation\n*************\nInstallation is currently supported on Windows, Mac OS X and Linux environments. The pre-requisites for using PySLM\ncan be installed via PyPi and/or Anaconda distribution.\n\n.. code:: bash\n\n    conda install -c conda-forge shapely, Rtree, networkx, scikit-image\n    conda install trimesh\n\nIf you are interested using the support generation module, there are additional dependencies that\nare required to be installed. These are not required for the core functionality of PySLM such as slicing and hatching.\nThese require a working OpenGL environment to work via `vispy <https://vispy.org>`_ - the PyQt5 module provides the\nOpenGL backend for this currently, which is currently supported across all major platforms.\n\n.. code:: bash\n\n    pip install vispy pyqt5 triangle pyclipr manifold3d mapbox-earcut\n\nInstallation of PySLM can be performed using pre-built python packages using the PyPi repository. Additionally to\ninterface with commercial L-PBF systems, the user can choose to install libSLM. Note, the user should contact the author\nto request machine build file translators, as this cannot be installed currently without having the machine build file\ntranslators available.\n\n.. code:: bash\n\n    pip install PythonSLM\n\nAlternatively, PySLM may be compiled directly from source. For PySLM version (>v0.6) the entire library are now written\nexclusively in Python, therefore a seperate compiler infrastructure (cython) is not required.\n\n.. code:: bash\n\n    git clone https://github.com/drlukeparry/pyslm.git && cd ./pyslm\n    python setup.py install\n\nUsage\n********\nA basic example below, shows how relatively straightforward it is to generate a single layer from a STL mesh which\ngenerates a the hatch infill using a Stripe Scan Strategy typically employed on some commercial systems to limit the\nmaximum scan vector length generated in a region.\n\n.. code:: python\n\n    import pyslm\n    import pyslm.visualise\n    from pyslm import hatching as hatching\n\n    # Imports the part and sets the geometry to an STL file (frameGuide.stl)\n    solidPart = pyslm.Part('myFrameGuide')\n    solidPart.setGeometry('../models/frameGuide.stl')\n\n    # Set te slice layer position\n    z = 23.\n\n    # Create a StripeHatcher object for performing any hatching operations\n    myHatcher = hatching.StripeHatcher()\n    myHatcher.stripeWidth = 5.0 # [mm]\n\n    # Set the base hatching parameters which are generated within Hatcher\n    myHatcher.hatchAngle = 10 # [\u00b0]\n    myHatcher.volumeOffsetHatch = 0.08 # [mm]\n    myHatcher.spotCompensation = 0.06 # [mm]\n    myHatcher.numInnerContours = 2\n    myHatcher.numOuterContours = 1\n\n    # Slice the object at Z and get the boundaries\n    geomSlice = solidPart.getVectorSlice(z)\n\n    # Perform the hatching operations\n    layer = myHatcher.hatch(geomSlice)\n\n    # Plot the layer geometries generated\n    pyslm.visualise.plot(layer, plot3D=False, plotOrderLine=True) # plotArrows=True)\n\nThe result of the script output is shown here\n\n.. image:: https://github.com/drlukeparry/pyslm/raw/dev/docs/images/stripe_scan_strategy_example.png\n   :width: 50%\n   :align: center\n   :alt:  PySLM - Illustration of a Stripe Scan Strategy employed in 3D printing\n\nFor further guidance please look at documented examples are provided in\n`examples <https://github.com/drlukeparry/pyslm/tree/master/examples>`_ .\n",
    "bugtrack_url": null,
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