# Esmerald
<p align="center">
<a href="https://esmerald.dev"><img src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dymmond/image/upload/v1673619342/esmerald/img/logo-gr_z1ot8o.png" alt='Esmerald'></a>
</p>
<p align="center">
<em>🚀 Highly scalable, performant, easy to learn, easy to code and for every application. 🚀</em>
</p>
<p align="center">
<a href="https://github.com/dymmond/esmerald/workflows/Test%20Suite/badge.svg?event=push&branch=main" target="_blank">
<img src="https://github.com/dymmond/esmerald/workflows/Test%20Suite/badge.svg?event=push&branch=main" alt="Test Suite">
</a>
<a href="https://pypi.org/project/esmerald" target="_blank">
<img src="https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/esmerald?color=%2334D058&label=pypi%20package" alt="Package version">
</a>
<a href="https://pypi.org/project/esmerald" target="_blank">
<img src="https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/esmerald.svg?color=%2334D058" alt="Supported Python versions">
</a>
</p>
---
**Documentation**: [https://esmerald.dev](https://www.esmerald.dev) 📚
**Source Code**: [https://github.com/dymmond/esmerald](https://github.com/dymmond/esmerald)
**The official supported version is always the latest released**.
---
Esmerald is a modern, powerful, flexible, high performant, web framework designed to build not only APIs
but also full scalable applications from the smallest to enterprise level.
Esmerald is designed to build with python 3.8+ and based on standard python type hints. Initially
built on the top of [Starlette](https://github.com/encode/starlette) and later on moved to [Lilya](https://lilya.dev) and [Pydantic](https://github.com/samuelcolvin/pydantic)/[msgspec](https://jcristharif.com/msgspec/).
Check out the [Esmerald documentation 📚](https://esmerald.dev)
**The official supported version is always the latest released**.
## Motivation
There are great frameworks out there like FastAPI, Flama, Flask, Django... All of them solving majority
of the current day-to-day problems of 99% of the applications but leaving the 1% that is usually around structure
and design/business without to much to do.
Esmerald got the inspiration from those great frameworks out there and was built with all the known amazing
features but with business in mind as well. Starlite, for example, at the very beginning, gave the inspiration for the transformers and for the Signature models,
something very useful that helped Esmerald integerating with pydantic.
FastAPI gave the inspiration for API designing, Django for the permissions, Flask for the simplicity, NestJS for the
controllers and the list goes on.
For a job to be done properly, usually it is never done alone and there is always a driver and inspiration to it.
## Requirements
* python 3.8+
Esmerald wouldn't be possible without two pillars:
* <a href="https://www.lilya.dev/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Lilya</a>
* <a href="https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Pydantic</a>
## Installation
```shell
$ pip install esmerald
```
An ASGI server is also needed to run in production, we recommend [Uvicorn](https://www.uvicorn.org) but it is entirely
up to you.
```shell
$ pip install uvicorn
```
If you want install esmerald with specifics:
**Support for the internal scheduler**:
```shell
$ pip install esmerald[schedulers]
```
**Support for the jwt used internally by Esmerald**:
```shell
$ pip install esmerald[jwt]
```
**If you want to use the esmerald testing client**:
```shell
$ pip install esmerald[test]
```
**If you want to use the esmerald shell**:
More [details](https://esmerald.dev/directives/shell) about this topic [in the docs](https://esmerald.dev/directives/shell)
```shell
$ pip install esmerald[ipython] # default shell
$ pip install esmerald[ptpython] # ptpython shell
```
### Start a project using directives
!!! Warning
This is for more advanced users that are already comfortable with Esmerald (or Python in general)
or feel like it is not a problem using these directives. If you do not feel comfortable yet to use this,
please continue reading the documentation and learning more about Esmerald.
If you wish to start an Esmerald project with a simple suggested structure.
```shell
esmerald createproject <YOUR-PROJECT-NAME> --simple
```
This will generate a scaffold for your project with some pre-defined files in a simple fashion with a simple ready to
go Esmerald application.
This will also generate a file for the tests using the EsmeraldTestClient, so make sure you run:
```shell
$ pip install esmerald[test]
```
Or you can skip this step if you don't want to use the EsmeraldTestClient.
You can find [more information](https://esmerald.dev/management/directives) about this directive and how to
use it.
## Key Features
* **Fluid and Fast**: Thanks to Starlette and Pydantic/msgspec.
* **Fast to develop**: Thanks to the simplicity of design, the development times can be reduced exponentially.
* **Intuitive**: If you are used to the other frameworks, Esmerald is a no brainer to develop.
* **Easy**: Developed with design in mind and easy learning.
* **Short**: With the OOP available natively there is no need for code duplication. SOLID.
* **Ready**: Get your application up and running with production-ready code.
* **OOP and Functional**: Design APIs in any desired way. OOP or Functional is available.
* **Async and Sync**: Do you prefer sync or async? You can have both.
* **Middleware**: Apply middlewares on the application level or API level.
* **Exception Handlers**: Apply exception handlers on any desired level.
* **Permissions**: Apply specific rules and permissions on each API.
* **Interceptors**: Intercept requests and add logic before reaching the endpoint.
* **Extensions**: Create plugins for Esmerald and hook them into any application and/or
distribute them.
* **DAO and AsyncDAO**: Avoid database calls directly from the APIs. Use business objects instead.
* **ORM Support**: Native support for [Saffier][saffier_orm] and [Edgy][edgy_orm].
* **ODM Support**: Native support for [Mongoz][mongoz_odm].
* **APIView**: Class Based endpoints for your beloved OOP design.
* **JSON serialization/deserialization**: Both UJSON and ORJON support.
* **Lifespan**: Support for the newly lifespan and on_start/on_shutdown events.
* **Scheduler**: Yes, that's right, it comes with a scheduler for those automated tasks.
* **Dependency Injection**: Like any other great framework out there.
* **Simplicity from settings**: Yes, we have a way to make the code even cleaner by introducing settings
based systems.
* **msgspec** - Support for `msgspec`.
## Relation to Starlette and other frameworks
Esmerald uses Starlette under the hood. The reason behind this decison comes with the fact that performance is there
and no issues with routing.
Once the application is up, all the routes are mounted and therefore the url paths are defined.
Esmerald encourages standard practices and design in mind which means that any application, big or small,
custom or enterprise, fits within Esmerald ecosystem without scalability issues.
## Quickstart
To quickly start with Esmerald, you can just do this. Using `uvicorn` as example.
```python
#!/usr/bin/env python
import uvicorn
from esmerald import Esmerald, Gateway, JSONResponse, Request, get
@get()
def welcome() -> JSONResponse:
return JSONResponse({"message": "Welcome to Esmerald"})
@get()
def user(user: str) -> JSONResponse:
return JSONResponse({"message": f"Welcome to Esmerald, {user}"})
@get()
def user_in_request(request: Request) -> JSONResponse:
user = request.path_params["user"]
return JSONResponse({"message": f"Welcome to Esmerald, {user}"})
app = Esmerald(
routes=[
Gateway("/esmerald", handler=welcome),
Gateway("/esmerald/{user}", handler=user),
Gateway("/esmerald/in-request/{user}", handler=user_in_request),
]
)
if __name__ == "__main__":
uvicorn.run(app, port=8000)
```
Then you can access the endpoints.
### Using Esmerald as a decorator
To quickly start with Esmerald you can also use it as decorator, you can just do this. Using `uvicorn` as example.
```python
#!/usr/bin/env python
import uvicorn
from esmerald import Esmerald, Gateway, JSONResponse, Request, get
app = Esmerald()
@app.get("/esmerald")
def welcome() -> JSONResponse:
return JSONResponse({"message": "Welcome to Esmerald"})
@app.get("/esmerald/{user}")
def user(user: str) -> JSONResponse:
return JSONResponse({"message": f"Welcome to Esmerald, {user}"})
@app.get("/esmerald/in-request/{user}")
def user_in_request(request: Request) -> JSONResponse:
user = request.path_params["user"]
return JSONResponse({"message": f"Welcome to Esmerald, {user}"})
if __name__ == "__main__":
uvicorn.run(app, port=8000)
```
## Settings
Like every other framework, when starting an application, a lot of [settings](./application/settings.md) can/need to be
passed to the main object and this can be very dauting and ugly to maintain and see.
Esmerald comes with the
[settings](./application/settings.md) in mind. A set of defaults that can be overridden by your very own settings
module but not limited to it, as you can still use the classic approach of passing everything into a
Esmerald instance directly when instantiating.
**Example of classic approach**:
```python
from example import ExampleObject
# ExampleObject is an instance of another application
# and it serves only for example
app = ExampleObject(setting_one=..., setting_two=..., setting_three=...)
```
Inspired by the great [Django](https://www.djangoproject.com/) and using pydantic, Esmerald has a default object
ready to be used out-of-the-box.
**Esmerald**:
```python
from esmerald import Esmerald
app = Esmerald()
```
And that's it! All the default settings are loaded! This is simple of course but can you override
inside the object as well? Yes!
```python
from esmerald import Esmerald
app = Esmerald(app_name='My App', title='My title')
```
Same as the classics.
So how does Esmerald know about the default settings? Enters [Esmerald settings module](#esmerald-settings-module).
### Esmerald Settings Module
This is the way Esmerald defaults the values. When starting an application, the system looks for a
`ESMERALD_SETTINGS_MODULE` environment variable. If no variable is supplied then the system will default to
`EsmeraldAPISettings` settings and start.
### Custom Settings
Separation of settings by enviromment is a must have these days and starting with default of Esmerald will not be
enough for any application.
The settings are pydantic standard settings and therefore compatible with Esmerald.
The system brings some defaults that can be used out-of-the-box but it's not mandatory to be used.
The environment defaults to **production**.
```python
from esmerald import EsmeraldAPISettings
from esmerald.conf.enums import EnvironmentType
class Development(EsmeraldAPISettings):
app_name: str = 'My app in dev'
environment: str = EnvironmentType.DEVELOPMENT
```
**Load the settings into your Esmerald application**:
Assuming your Esmerald app is inside an `src/app.py`.
```console
ESMERALD_SETTINGS_MODULE='myapp.settings.Development' python -m src.app.py
```
## Gateway, WebSocketGateway and Include
Starlette offers the Route classes for simple path assignments but this is also very limiting if something more
complex in mind. Esmerald extends that functionality and adds some `flair` and levels up by having the
Gateway, WebSocketGateway and Include.
Those are special objects that allow all the magic of Esmerald to happen.
For a classic, direct, one file single approach.
**In a nutshell**:
```python title='src/app.py'
from esmerald import Esmerald, get, status, Request, ORJSONResponse, Gateway, WebSocketGateway, Websocket
@get(status_code=status.HTTP_200_OK)
async def home() -> ORJSONResponse:
return ORJSONResponse({
"detail": "Hello world"
})
@get()
async def another(request: Request) -> dict:
return {
"detail": "Another world!"
}
@websocket(path="/{path_param:str}")
async def world_socket(socket: Websocket) -> None:
await socket.accept()
msg = await socket.receive_json()
assert msg
assert socket
await socket.close()
app = Esmerald(routes=[
Gateway(handler=home),
Gateway(handler=another),
WebSocketGateway(handler=world_socket),
])
```
## Design in mind
Good design is always encouraged and Esmerald allows complex routing on any level.
### The handlers (views)
```python title="myapp/accounts/controllers.py"
from esmerald import get, post, put, status, websocket, APIView, Request, JSONResponse, Response, WebSocket
from pydantic import BaseModel
class Product(BaseModel):
name: str
sku: str
price: float
@put('/product/{product_id}')
def update_product(product_id: int, data: Product) -> dict:
return {"product_id": product_id, "product_name": product.name }
@get(status_code=status.HTTP_200_OK)
async def home() -> JSONResponse:
return JSONResponse({
"detail": "Hello world"
})
@get()
async def another(request: Request) -> dict:
return {
"detail": "Another world!"
}
@websocket(path="/{path_param:str}")
async def world_socket(socket: Websocket) -> None:
await socket.accept()
msg = await socket.receive_json()
assert msg
assert socket
await socket.close()
class World(APIView):
@get(path='/{url}')
async def home(self, request: Request, url: str) -> Response:
return Response(f"URL: {url}")
@post(path='/{url}', status_code=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
async def mars(self, request: Request, url: str) -> JSONResponse:
...
@websocket(path="/{path_param:str}")
async def pluto(self, socket: Websocket) -> None:
await socket.accept()
msg = await socket.receive_json()
assert msg
assert socket
await socket.close()
```
If a `path` is not provided, defaults to `/`.
### The gateways (urls)
```python title="myapp/accounts/urls.py"
from esmerald import Gateway, WebSocketGateway
from .controllers import home, another, world_socket, World
route_patterns = [
Gateway(handler=update_product),
Gateway(handler=home),
Gateway(handler=another),
Gateway(handler=World),
WebSocketGateway(handler=world_socket),
]
```
If a `path` is not provided, defaults to `/`.
### The Include
This is a very special object that allows the import of any route from anywhere in the application.
`Include` accepts the import via `namespace` or via `routes` list but not both.
When using a `namespace`, the `Include` will look for the default `route_patterns` object list in the imported
namespace unless a different `pattern` is specified.
The pattern only works if the imports are done via `namespace` and not via `routes`.
**Importing using namespace**:
```python title='myapp/urls.py'
from esmerald import Include
route_patterns = [
Include(namespace='myapp.accounts.urls')
]
```
**Importing using routes**:
```python title='src/myapp/urls.py'
from esmerald import Include
from myapp.accounts import urls
route_patterns = [
Include(routes=urls.route_patterns)
]
```
If a `path` is not provided, defaults to `/`.
#### Using a different pattern
```python title="src/myapp/accounts/urls.py"
from esmerald import Gateway, WebSocketGateway
from .controllers import home, another, world_socket, World
my_urls = [
Gateway(handler=update_product),
Gateway(handler=home),
Gateway(handler=another),
Gateway(handler=World),
WebSocketGateway(handler=world_socket),
]
```
**Importing using namespace**:
```python title='src/myapp/urls.py'
from esmerald import Include
route_patterns = [
Include(namespace='myapp.accounts.urls', pattern='my_urls')
]
```
## Include and Esmerald
The `Include` can be very helpful mostly when the goal is to avoid a lot of imports and massive list
of objects to be passed into one single object. This can be particulary useful to make a Esmerald instance.
**Example**:
```python title='src/urls.py'
from esmerald import Include
route_patterns = [
Include(namespace='myapp.accounts.urls', pattern='my_urls')
]
```
```python title='src/app.py'
from esmerald import Esmerald, Include
app = Esmerald(routes=[Include('src.urls')])
```
## Run the application
As mentioned before, we recommend uvicorn for production but it's not mandatory.
**Using uvicorn**:
```shell
uvicorn src:app --reload
INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit)
INFO: Started reloader process [28720]
INFO: Started server process [28722]
INFO: Waiting for application startup.
INFO: Application startup complete.
```
## Run the application with custom settings
**Using uvicorn**:
```shell
ESMERALD_SETTINGS_MODULE=myapp.AppSettings uvicorn src:app --reload
INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit)
INFO: Started reloader process [28720]
INFO: Started server process [28722]
INFO: Waiting for application startup.
INFO: Application startup complete.
```
## OpenAPI documentation
Esmerald also comes with OpenAPI docs integrated. For those used to that, this is roughly the same and to make it
happen, there were inspirations that helped Esmerald getting there fast.
Esmerald starts automatically the OpenAPI documentation by injecting the OpenAPIConfig default from
the settings and makes Swagger, ReDoc an Stoplight elements available to you out of the box.
To access the OpenAPI, simply start your local development and access:
* **Swagger** - `/docs/swagger`.
* **Redoc** - `/docs/redoc`.
* **Stoplight Elements** - `/docs/elements`.
There are more details about [how to configure the OpenAPIConfig](https://esmerald.dev/configurations/openapi/config)
within the documentation.
There is also a good explanation on how to use the [OpenAPIResponse](https://esmerald.dev/responses#openapi-responses)
as well.
## Notes
This is just a very high-level demonstration of how to start quickly and what Esmerald can do.
There are plenty more things you can do with Esmerald. Enjoy! 😊
## Sponsors
Currently there are no sponsors of Esmerald but you can financially help and support the author though
[GitHub sponsors](https://github.com/sponsors/tarsil) and become a **Special one** or a **Legend**.
[saffier_orm]: https://esmerald.dev/databases/saffier/motivation
[edgy_orm]: https://esmerald.dev/databases/saffier/motivation
[mongoz_odm]: https://esmerald.dev/databases/mongoz/motivation
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"description": "# Esmerald\n\n<p align=\"center\">\n <a href=\"https://esmerald.dev\"><img src=\"https://res.cloudinary.com/dymmond/image/upload/v1673619342/esmerald/img/logo-gr_z1ot8o.png\" alt='Esmerald'></a>\n</p>\n\n<p align=\"center\">\n <em>\ud83d\ude80 Highly scalable, performant, easy to learn, easy to code and for every application. \ud83d\ude80</em>\n</p>\n\n<p align=\"center\">\n<a href=\"https://github.com/dymmond/esmerald/workflows/Test%20Suite/badge.svg?event=push&branch=main\" target=\"_blank\">\n <img src=\"https://github.com/dymmond/esmerald/workflows/Test%20Suite/badge.svg?event=push&branch=main\" alt=\"Test Suite\">\n</a>\n\n<a href=\"https://pypi.org/project/esmerald\" target=\"_blank\">\n <img src=\"https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/esmerald?color=%2334D058&label=pypi%20package\" alt=\"Package version\">\n</a>\n\n<a href=\"https://pypi.org/project/esmerald\" target=\"_blank\">\n <img src=\"https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/esmerald.svg?color=%2334D058\" alt=\"Supported Python versions\">\n</a>\n</p>\n\n---\n\n**Documentation**: [https://esmerald.dev](https://www.esmerald.dev) \ud83d\udcda\n\n**Source Code**: [https://github.com/dymmond/esmerald](https://github.com/dymmond/esmerald)\n\n**The official supported version is always the latest released**.\n\n---\n\nEsmerald is a modern, powerful, flexible, high performant, web framework designed to build not only APIs\nbut also full scalable applications from the smallest to enterprise level.\n\nEsmerald is designed to build with python 3.8+ and based on standard python type hints. Initially\nbuilt on the top of [Starlette](https://github.com/encode/starlette) and later on moved to [Lilya](https://lilya.dev) and [Pydantic](https://github.com/samuelcolvin/pydantic)/[msgspec](https://jcristharif.com/msgspec/).\n\nCheck out the [Esmerald documentation \ud83d\udcda](https://esmerald.dev)\n\n**The official supported version is always the latest released**.\n\n## Motivation\n\nThere are great frameworks out there like FastAPI, Flama, Flask, Django... All of them solving majority\nof the current day-to-day problems of 99% of the applications but leaving the 1% that is usually around structure\nand design/business without to much to do.\n\nEsmerald got the inspiration from those great frameworks out there and was built with all the known amazing\nfeatures but with business in mind as well. Starlite, for example, at the very beginning, gave the inspiration for the transformers and for the Signature models,\nsomething very useful that helped Esmerald integerating with pydantic.\nFastAPI gave the inspiration for API designing, Django for the permissions, Flask for the simplicity, NestJS for the\ncontrollers and the list goes on.\n\nFor a job to be done properly, usually it is never done alone and there is always a driver and inspiration to it.\n\n## Requirements\n\n* python 3.8+\n\nEsmerald wouldn't be possible without two pillars:\n\n* <a href=\"https://www.lilya.dev/\" class=\"external-link\" target=\"_blank\">Lilya</a>\n* <a href=\"https://pydantic-docs.helpmanual.io/\" class=\"external-link\" target=\"_blank\">Pydantic</a>\n\n## Installation\n\n```shell\n$ pip install esmerald\n```\n\nAn ASGI server is also needed to run in production, we recommend [Uvicorn](https://www.uvicorn.org) but it is entirely\nup to you.\n\n```shell\n$ pip install uvicorn\n\n```\n\nIf you want install esmerald with specifics:\n\n**Support for the internal scheduler**:\n\n```shell\n$ pip install esmerald[schedulers]\n```\n\n**Support for the jwt used internally by Esmerald**:\n\n```shell\n$ pip install esmerald[jwt]\n```\n\n**If you want to use the esmerald testing client**:\n\n```shell\n$ pip install esmerald[test]\n```\n\n**If you want to use the esmerald shell**:\n\nMore [details](https://esmerald.dev/directives/shell) about this topic [in the docs](https://esmerald.dev/directives/shell)\n\n```shell\n$ pip install esmerald[ipython] # default shell\n$ pip install esmerald[ptpython] # ptpython shell\n```\n\n### Start a project using directives\n\n!!! Warning\n This is for more advanced users that are already comfortable with Esmerald (or Python in general)\n or feel like it is not a problem using these directives. If you do not feel comfortable yet to use this,\n please continue reading the documentation and learning more about Esmerald.\n\nIf you wish to start an Esmerald project with a simple suggested structure.\n\n```shell\nesmerald createproject <YOUR-PROJECT-NAME> --simple\n```\n\nThis will generate a scaffold for your project with some pre-defined files in a simple fashion with a simple ready to\ngo Esmerald application.\n\nThis will also generate a file for the tests using the EsmeraldTestClient, so make sure you run:\n\n```shell\n$ pip install esmerald[test]\n```\n\nOr you can skip this step if you don't want to use the EsmeraldTestClient.\n\nYou can find [more information](https://esmerald.dev/management/directives) about this directive and how to\nuse it.\n\n## Key Features\n\n* **Fluid and Fast**: Thanks to Starlette and Pydantic/msgspec.\n* **Fast to develop**: Thanks to the simplicity of design, the development times can be reduced exponentially.\n* **Intuitive**: If you are used to the other frameworks, Esmerald is a no brainer to develop.\n* **Easy**: Developed with design in mind and easy learning.\n* **Short**: With the OOP available natively there is no need for code duplication. SOLID.\n* **Ready**: Get your application up and running with production-ready code.\n* **OOP and Functional**: Design APIs in any desired way. OOP or Functional is available.\n* **Async and Sync**: Do you prefer sync or async? You can have both.\n* **Middleware**: Apply middlewares on the application level or API level.\n* **Exception Handlers**: Apply exception handlers on any desired level.\n* **Permissions**: Apply specific rules and permissions on each API.\n* **Interceptors**: Intercept requests and add logic before reaching the endpoint.\n* **Extensions**: Create plugins for Esmerald and hook them into any application and/or\ndistribute them.\n* **DAO and AsyncDAO**: Avoid database calls directly from the APIs. Use business objects instead.\n* **ORM Support**: Native support for [Saffier][saffier_orm] and [Edgy][edgy_orm].\n* **ODM Support**: Native support for [Mongoz][mongoz_odm].\n* **APIView**: Class Based endpoints for your beloved OOP design.\n* **JSON serialization/deserialization**: Both UJSON and ORJON support.\n* **Lifespan**: Support for the newly lifespan and on_start/on_shutdown events.\n* **Scheduler**: Yes, that's right, it comes with a scheduler for those automated tasks.\n* **Dependency Injection**: Like any other great framework out there.\n* **Simplicity from settings**: Yes, we have a way to make the code even cleaner by introducing settings\nbased systems.\n* **msgspec** - Support for `msgspec`.\n\n## Relation to Starlette and other frameworks\n\nEsmerald uses Starlette under the hood. The reason behind this decison comes with the fact that performance is there\nand no issues with routing.\n\nOnce the application is up, all the routes are mounted and therefore the url paths are defined.\nEsmerald encourages standard practices and design in mind which means that any application, big or small,\ncustom or enterprise, fits within Esmerald ecosystem without scalability issues.\n\n## Quickstart\n\nTo quickly start with Esmerald, you can just do this. Using `uvicorn` as example.\n\n```python\n#!/usr/bin/env python\nimport uvicorn\n\nfrom esmerald import Esmerald, Gateway, JSONResponse, Request, get\n\n\n@get()\ndef welcome() -> JSONResponse:\n return JSONResponse({\"message\": \"Welcome to Esmerald\"})\n\n\n@get()\ndef user(user: str) -> JSONResponse:\n return JSONResponse({\"message\": f\"Welcome to Esmerald, {user}\"})\n\n\n@get()\ndef user_in_request(request: Request) -> JSONResponse:\n user = request.path_params[\"user\"]\n return JSONResponse({\"message\": f\"Welcome to Esmerald, {user}\"})\n\n\napp = Esmerald(\n routes=[\n Gateway(\"/esmerald\", handler=welcome),\n Gateway(\"/esmerald/{user}\", handler=user),\n Gateway(\"/esmerald/in-request/{user}\", handler=user_in_request),\n ]\n)\n\n\nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\n uvicorn.run(app, port=8000)\n```\n\nThen you can access the endpoints.\n\n### Using Esmerald as a decorator\n\nTo quickly start with Esmerald you can also use it as decorator, you can just do this. Using `uvicorn` as example.\n\n```python\n#!/usr/bin/env python\nimport uvicorn\n\nfrom esmerald import Esmerald, Gateway, JSONResponse, Request, get\n\n\napp = Esmerald()\n\n\n@app.get(\"/esmerald\")\ndef welcome() -> JSONResponse:\n return JSONResponse({\"message\": \"Welcome to Esmerald\"})\n\n\n@app.get(\"/esmerald/{user}\")\ndef user(user: str) -> JSONResponse:\n return JSONResponse({\"message\": f\"Welcome to Esmerald, {user}\"})\n\n\n@app.get(\"/esmerald/in-request/{user}\")\ndef user_in_request(request: Request) -> JSONResponse:\n user = request.path_params[\"user\"]\n return JSONResponse({\"message\": f\"Welcome to Esmerald, {user}\"})\n\n\nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\n uvicorn.run(app, port=8000)\n```\n\n## Settings\n\nLike every other framework, when starting an application, a lot of [settings](./application/settings.md) can/need to be\npassed to the main object and this can be very dauting and ugly to maintain and see.\n\nEsmerald comes with the\n[settings](./application/settings.md) in mind. A set of defaults that can be overridden by your very own settings\nmodule but not limited to it, as you can still use the classic approach of passing everything into a\nEsmerald instance directly when instantiating.\n\n**Example of classic approach**:\n\n```python\nfrom example import ExampleObject\n\n# ExampleObject is an instance of another application\n# and it serves only for example\n\napp = ExampleObject(setting_one=..., setting_two=..., setting_three=...)\n\n```\n\nInspired by the great [Django](https://www.djangoproject.com/) and using pydantic, Esmerald has a default object\nready to be used out-of-the-box.\n\n**Esmerald**:\n\n```python\nfrom esmerald import Esmerald\n\napp = Esmerald()\n\n```\n\nAnd that's it! All the default settings are loaded! This is simple of course but can you override\ninside the object as well? Yes!\n\n```python\nfrom esmerald import Esmerald\n\napp = Esmerald(app_name='My App', title='My title')\n\n```\n\nSame as the classics.\n\nSo how does Esmerald know about the default settings? Enters [Esmerald settings module](#esmerald-settings-module).\n\n### Esmerald Settings Module\n\nThis is the way Esmerald defaults the values. When starting an application, the system looks for a\n`ESMERALD_SETTINGS_MODULE` environment variable. If no variable is supplied then the system will default to\n`EsmeraldAPISettings` settings and start.\n\n### Custom Settings\n\nSeparation of settings by enviromment is a must have these days and starting with default of Esmerald will not be\nenough for any application.\n\nThe settings are pydantic standard settings and therefore compatible with Esmerald.\nThe system brings some defaults that can be used out-of-the-box but it's not mandatory to be used.\nThe environment defaults to **production**.\n\n```python\n\nfrom esmerald import EsmeraldAPISettings\nfrom esmerald.conf.enums import EnvironmentType\n\nclass Development(EsmeraldAPISettings):\n app_name: str = 'My app in dev'\n environment: str = EnvironmentType.DEVELOPMENT\n\n```\n\n**Load the settings into your Esmerald application**:\n\nAssuming your Esmerald app is inside an `src/app.py`.\n\n```console\n\nESMERALD_SETTINGS_MODULE='myapp.settings.Development' python -m src.app.py\n\n```\n\n## Gateway, WebSocketGateway and Include\n\nStarlette offers the Route classes for simple path assignments but this is also very limiting if something more\ncomplex in mind. Esmerald extends that functionality and adds some `flair` and levels up by having the\nGateway, WebSocketGateway and Include.\n\nThose are special objects that allow all the magic of Esmerald to happen.\n\nFor a classic, direct, one file single approach.\n\n**In a nutshell**:\n\n```python title='src/app.py'\nfrom esmerald import Esmerald, get, status, Request, ORJSONResponse, Gateway, WebSocketGateway, Websocket\n\n@get(status_code=status.HTTP_200_OK)\nasync def home() -> ORJSONResponse:\n return ORJSONResponse({\n \"detail\": \"Hello world\"\n })\n\n\n@get()\nasync def another(request: Request) -> dict:\n return {\n \"detail\": \"Another world!\"\n }\n\n@websocket(path=\"/{path_param:str}\")\nasync def world_socket(socket: Websocket) -> None:\n await socket.accept()\n msg = await socket.receive_json()\n assert msg\n assert socket\n await socket.close()\n\n\napp = Esmerald(routes=[\n Gateway(handler=home),\n Gateway(handler=another),\n WebSocketGateway(handler=world_socket),\n])\n\n```\n\n## Design in mind\n\nGood design is always encouraged and Esmerald allows complex routing on any level.\n\n### The handlers (views)\n\n```python title=\"myapp/accounts/controllers.py\"\nfrom esmerald import get, post, put, status, websocket, APIView, Request, JSONResponse, Response, WebSocket\nfrom pydantic import BaseModel\n\n\nclass Product(BaseModel):\n name: str\n sku: str\n price: float\n\n\n@put('/product/{product_id}')\ndef update_product(product_id: int, data: Product) -> dict:\n return {\"product_id\": product_id, \"product_name\": product.name }\n\n\n@get(status_code=status.HTTP_200_OK)\nasync def home() -> JSONResponse:\n return JSONResponse({\n \"detail\": \"Hello world\"\n })\n\n\n@get()\nasync def another(request: Request) -> dict:\n return {\n \"detail\": \"Another world!\"\n }\n\n\n@websocket(path=\"/{path_param:str}\")\nasync def world_socket(socket: Websocket) -> None:\n await socket.accept()\n msg = await socket.receive_json()\n assert msg\n assert socket\n await socket.close()\n\n\nclass World(APIView):\n\n @get(path='/{url}')\n async def home(self, request: Request, url: str) -> Response:\n return Response(f\"URL: {url}\")\n\n @post(path='/{url}', status_code=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)\n async def mars(self, request: Request, url: str) -> JSONResponse:\n ...\n\n @websocket(path=\"/{path_param:str}\")\n async def pluto(self, socket: Websocket) -> None:\n await socket.accept()\n msg = await socket.receive_json()\n assert msg\n assert socket\n await socket.close()\n\n\n```\n\nIf a `path` is not provided, defaults to `/`.\n\n### The gateways (urls)\n\n```python title=\"myapp/accounts/urls.py\"\nfrom esmerald import Gateway, WebSocketGateway\nfrom .controllers import home, another, world_socket, World\n\nroute_patterns = [\n Gateway(handler=update_product),\n Gateway(handler=home),\n Gateway(handler=another),\n Gateway(handler=World),\n WebSocketGateway(handler=world_socket),\n]\n\n```\n\nIf a `path` is not provided, defaults to `/`.\n\n### The Include\n\nThis is a very special object that allows the import of any route from anywhere in the application.\n\n`Include` accepts the import via `namespace` or via `routes` list but not both.\n\nWhen using a `namespace`, the `Include` will look for the default `route_patterns` object list in the imported\nnamespace unless a different `pattern` is specified.\n\nThe pattern only works if the imports are done via `namespace` and not via `routes`.\n\n**Importing using namespace**:\n\n```python title='myapp/urls.py'\nfrom esmerald import Include\n\nroute_patterns = [\n Include(namespace='myapp.accounts.urls')\n]\n\n```\n\n**Importing using routes**:\n\n```python title='src/myapp/urls.py'\nfrom esmerald import Include\nfrom myapp.accounts import urls\n\nroute_patterns = [\n Include(routes=urls.route_patterns)\n]\n\n```\n\nIf a `path` is not provided, defaults to `/`.\n\n#### Using a different pattern\n\n```python title=\"src/myapp/accounts/urls.py\"\nfrom esmerald import Gateway, WebSocketGateway\nfrom .controllers import home, another, world_socket, World\n\nmy_urls = [\n Gateway(handler=update_product),\n Gateway(handler=home),\n Gateway(handler=another),\n Gateway(handler=World),\n WebSocketGateway(handler=world_socket),\n]\n\n```\n\n**Importing using namespace**:\n\n```python title='src/myapp/urls.py'\nfrom esmerald import Include\n\nroute_patterns = [\n Include(namespace='myapp.accounts.urls', pattern='my_urls')\n]\n\n```\n\n## Include and Esmerald\n\nThe `Include` can be very helpful mostly when the goal is to avoid a lot of imports and massive list\nof objects to be passed into one single object. This can be particulary useful to make a Esmerald instance.\n\n**Example**:\n\n```python title='src/urls.py'\nfrom esmerald import Include\n\nroute_patterns = [\n Include(namespace='myapp.accounts.urls', pattern='my_urls')\n]\n\n```\n\n```python title='src/app.py'\nfrom esmerald import Esmerald, Include\n\napp = Esmerald(routes=[Include('src.urls')])\n\n```\n\n## Run the application\n\nAs mentioned before, we recommend uvicorn for production but it's not mandatory.\n\n**Using uvicorn**:\n\n```shell\nuvicorn src:app --reload\n\nINFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit)\nINFO: Started reloader process [28720]\nINFO: Started server process [28722]\nINFO: Waiting for application startup.\nINFO: Application startup complete.\n```\n\n## Run the application with custom settings\n\n**Using uvicorn**:\n\n```shell\nESMERALD_SETTINGS_MODULE=myapp.AppSettings uvicorn src:app --reload\n\nINFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit)\nINFO: Started reloader process [28720]\nINFO: Started server process [28722]\nINFO: Waiting for application startup.\nINFO: Application startup complete.\n```\n\n## OpenAPI documentation\n\nEsmerald also comes with OpenAPI docs integrated. For those used to that, this is roughly the same and to make it\nhappen, there were inspirations that helped Esmerald getting there fast.\n\nEsmerald starts automatically the OpenAPI documentation by injecting the OpenAPIConfig default from\nthe settings and makes Swagger, ReDoc an Stoplight elements available to you out of the box.\n\nTo access the OpenAPI, simply start your local development and access:\n\n* **Swagger** - `/docs/swagger`.\n* **Redoc** - `/docs/redoc`.\n* **Stoplight Elements** - `/docs/elements`.\n\nThere are more details about [how to configure the OpenAPIConfig](https://esmerald.dev/configurations/openapi/config)\nwithin the documentation.\n\nThere is also a good explanation on how to use the [OpenAPIResponse](https://esmerald.dev/responses#openapi-responses)\nas well.\n\n## Notes\n\nThis is just a very high-level demonstration of how to start quickly and what Esmerald can do.\nThere are plenty more things you can do with Esmerald. Enjoy! \ud83d\ude0a\n\n## Sponsors\n\nCurrently there are no sponsors of Esmerald but you can financially help and support the author though\n[GitHub sponsors](https://github.com/sponsors/tarsil) and become a **Special one** or a **Legend**.\n\n[saffier_orm]: https://esmerald.dev/databases/saffier/motivation\n[edgy_orm]: https://esmerald.dev/databases/saffier/motivation\n[mongoz_odm]: https://esmerald.dev/databases/mongoz/motivation\n",
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