| Name | flake8-bugbear JSON |
| Version |
24.4.21
JSON |
| download |
| home_page | None |
| Summary | A plugin for flake8 finding likely bugs and design problems in your program. Contains warnings that don't belong in pyflakes and pycodestyle. |
| upload_time | 2024-04-21 15:52:37 |
| maintainer | None |
| docs_url | None |
| author | None |
| requires_python | >=3.8.1 |
| license | MIT |
| keywords |
flake8
bugbear
bugs
pyflakes
pylint
linter
qa
|
| VCS |
 |
| bugtrack_url |
|
| requirements |
No requirements were recorded.
|
| Travis-CI |
No Travis.
|
| coveralls test coverage |
|
==============
flake8-bugbear
==============
.. image:: https://github.com/PyCQA/flake8-bugbear/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg
:target: https://github.com/PyCQA/flake8-bugbear/actions/workflows/ci.yml
.. image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg
:target: https://github.com/psf/black
.. image:: https://results.pre-commit.ci/badge/github/PyCQA/flake8-bugbear/main.svg
:target: https://results.pre-commit.ci/latest/github/PyCQA/flake8-bugbear/main
:alt: pre-commit.ci status
A plugin for ``flake8`` finding likely bugs and design problems in your
program. Contains warnings that don't belong in ``pyflakes`` and
``pycodestyle``::
bug·bear (bŭg′bâr′)
n.
1. A cause of fear, anxiety, or irritation: *Overcrowding is often
a bugbear for train commuters.*
2. A difficult or persistent problem: *"One of the major bugbears of
traditional AI is the difficulty of programming computers to
recognize that different but similar objects are instances of the
same type of thing" (Jack Copeland).*
3. A fearsome imaginary creature, especially one evoked to frighten
children.
It is felt that these lints don't belong in the main Python tools as they
are very opinionated and do not have a PEP or standard behind them. Due to
``flake8`` being designed to be extensible, the original creators of these lints
believed that a plugin was the best route. This has resulted in better development
velocity for contributors and adaptive deployment for ``flake8`` users.
Installation
------------
Install from ``pip`` with:
.. code-block:: sh
pip install flake8-bugbear
It will then automatically be run as part of ``flake8``; you can check it has
been picked up with:
.. code-block:: sh
$ flake8 --version
3.5.0 (assertive: 1.0.1, flake8-bugbear: 18.2.0, flake8-comprehensions: 1.4.1, mccabe: 0.6.1, pycodestyle: 2.3.1, pyflakes: 1.6.0) CPython 3.7.0 on Darwin
Development
-----------
If you'd like to do a PR we have development instructions `here <https://github.com/PyCQA/flake8-bugbear/blob/master/DEVELOPMENT.md>`_.
List of warnings
----------------
**B001**: Do not use bare ``except:``, it also catches unexpected events
like memory errors, interrupts, system exit, and so on. Prefer ``except
Exception:``. If you're sure what you're doing, be explicit and write
``except BaseException:``. Disable ``E722`` to avoid duplicate warnings.
**B002**: Python does not support the unary prefix increment. Writing
``++n`` is equivalent to ``+(+(n))``, which equals ``n``. You meant ``n
+= 1``.
**B003**: Assigning to ``os.environ`` doesn't clear the
environment. Subprocesses are going to see outdated
variables, in disagreement with the current process. Use
``os.environ.clear()`` or the ``env=`` argument to Popen.
**B004**: Using ``hasattr(x, '__call__')`` to test if ``x`` is callable
is unreliable. If ``x`` implements custom ``__getattr__`` or its
``__call__`` is itself not callable, you might get misleading
results. Use ``callable(x)`` for consistent results.
**B005**: Using ``.strip()`` with multi-character strings is misleading
the reader. It looks like stripping a substring. Move your
character set to a constant if this is deliberate. Use
``.replace()``, ``.removeprefix()``, ``.removesuffix()`` or regular
expressions to remove string fragments.
**B006**: Do not use mutable data structures for argument defaults. They
are created during function definition time. All calls to the function
reuse this one instance of that data structure, persisting changes
between them.
**B007**: Loop control variable not used within the loop body. If this is
intended, start the name with an underscore.
**B008**: Do not perform function calls in argument defaults. The call is
performed only once at function definition time. All calls to your
function will reuse the result of that definition-time function call. If
this is intended, assign the function call to a module-level variable and
use that variable as a default value.
**B009**: Do not call ``getattr(x, 'attr')``, instead use normal
property access: ``x.attr``. Missing a default to ``getattr`` will cause
an ``AttributeError`` to be raised for non-existent properties. There is
no additional safety in using ``getattr`` if you know the attribute name
ahead of time.
**B010**: Do not call ``setattr(x, 'attr', val)``, instead use normal
property access: ``x.attr = val``. There is no additional safety in
using ``setattr`` if you know the attribute name ahead of time.
**B011**: Do not call ``assert False`` since ``python -O`` removes these calls.
Instead callers should ``raise AssertionError()``.
**B012**: Use of ``break``, ``continue`` or ``return`` inside ``finally`` blocks will
silence exceptions or override return values from the ``try`` or ``except`` blocks.
To silence an exception, do it explicitly in the ``except`` block. To properly use
a ``break``, ``continue`` or ``return`` refactor your code so these statements are not
in the ``finally`` block.
**B013**: A length-one tuple literal is redundant. Write ``except SomeError:``
instead of ``except (SomeError,):``.
**B014**: Redundant exception types in ``except (Exception, TypeError):``.
Write ``except Exception:``, which catches exactly the same exceptions.
**B015**: Pointless comparison. This comparison does nothing but
waste CPU instructions. Either prepend ``assert`` or remove it.
**B016**: Cannot raise a literal. Did you intend to return it or raise
an Exception?
**B017**: ``assertRaises(Exception)`` and ``pytest.raises(Exception)`` should
be considered evil. They can lead to your test passing even if the
code being tested is never executed due to a typo. Assert for a more
specific exception (builtin or custom), or use ``assertRaisesRegex``
(if using ``assertRaises``), or add the ``match`` keyword argument (if
using ``pytest.raises``), or use the context manager form with a target
(e.g. ``with self.assertRaises(Exception) as ex:``).
**B018**: Found useless expression. Either assign it to a variable or remove it.
Note that dangling commas will cause things to be interpreted as useless tuples.
For example, in the statement ``print(".."),`` is the same as ``(print(".."),)``
which is an unassigned tuple. Simply remove the comma to clear the error.
**B019**: Use of ``functools.lru_cache`` or ``functools.cache`` on methods
can lead to memory leaks. The cache may retain instance references, preventing
garbage collection.
**B020**: Loop control variable overrides iterable it iterates
**B021**: f-string used as docstring. This will be interpreted by python
as a joined string rather than a docstring.
**B022**: No arguments passed to `contextlib.suppress`.
No exceptions will be suppressed and therefore this context manager is redundant.
N.B. this rule currently does not flag `suppress` calls to avoid potential false
positives due to similarly named user-defined functions.
**B023**: Functions defined inside a loop must not use variables redefined in
the loop, because `late-binding closures are a classic gotcha
<https://docs.python-guide.org/writing/gotchas/#late-binding-closures>`__.
**B024**: Abstract base class has methods, but none of them are abstract. This
is not necessarily an error, but you might have forgotten to add the @abstractmethod
decorator, potentially in conjunction with @classmethod, @property and/or @staticmethod.
**B025**: ``try-except`` block with duplicate exceptions found.
This check identifies exception types that are specified in multiple ``except``
clauses. The first specification is the only one ever considered, so all others can be removed.
**B026**: Star-arg unpacking after a keyword argument is strongly discouraged, because
it only works when the keyword parameter is declared after all parameters supplied by
the unpacked sequence, and this change of ordering can surprise and mislead readers.
There was `cpython discussion of disallowing this syntax
<https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/82741>`_, but legacy usage and parser
limitations make it difficult.
**B027**: Empty method in abstract base class, but has no abstract decorator. Consider adding @abstractmethod.
**B028**: No explicit stacklevel argument found. The warn method from the warnings module uses a
stacklevel of 1 by default. This will only show a stack trace for the line on which the warn method is called.
It is therefore recommended to use a stacklevel of 2 or greater to provide more information to the user.
**B029**: Using ``except ():`` with an empty tuple does not handle/catch anything. Add exceptions to handle.
**B030**: Except handlers should only be exception classes or tuples of exception classes.
**B031**: Using the generator returned from `itertools.groupby()` more than once will do nothing on the
second usage. Save the result to a list if the result is needed multiple times.
**B032**: Possible unintentional type annotation (using ``:``). Did you mean to assign (using ``=``)?
**B033**: Sets should not contain duplicate items. Duplicate items will be replaced with a single item at runtime.
**B034**: Calls to `re.sub`, `re.subn` or `re.split` should pass `flags` or `count`/`maxsplit` as keyword arguments. It is commonly assumed that `flags` is the third positional parameter, forgetting about `count`/`maxsplit`, since many other `re` module functions are of the form `f(pattern, string, flags)`.
**B035**: Found dict comprehension with a static key - either a constant value or variable not from the comprehension expression. This will result in a dict with a single key that was repeatedly overwritten.
**B036**: Found ``except BaseException:`` without re-raising (no ``raise`` in the top-level of the ``except`` block). This catches all kinds of things (Exception, SystemExit, KeyboardInterrupt...) and may prevent a program from exiting as expected.
**B037**: Found ``return <value>``, ``yield``, ``yield <value>``, or ``yield from <value>`` in class ``__init__()`` method. No values should be returned or yielded, only bare ``return``\s are ok.
**B038**: **Moved to B909** - Found a mutation of a mutable loop iterable inside the loop body. Changes to the iterable of a loop such as calls to `list.remove()` or via `del` can cause unintended bugs.
Opinionated warnings
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The following warnings are disabled by default because they are
controversial. They may or may not apply to you, enable them explicitly
in your configuration if you find them useful. Read below on how to
enable.
**B901**: Using ``return x`` in a generator function used to be
syntactically invalid in Python 2. In Python 3 ``return x`` can be used
in a generator as a return value in conjunction with ``yield from``.
Users coming from Python 2 may expect the old behavior which might lead
to bugs. Use native ``async def`` coroutines or mark intentional
``return x`` usage with ``# noqa`` on the same line.
**B902**: Invalid first argument used for method. Use ``self`` for
instance methods, and ``cls`` for class methods (which includes ``__new__``
and ``__init_subclass__``) or instance methods of metaclasses (detected as
classes directly inheriting from ``type``).
**B903**: Use ``collections.namedtuple`` (or ``typing.NamedTuple``) for
data classes that only set attributes in an ``__init__`` method, and do
nothing else. If the attributes should be mutable, define the attributes
in ``__slots__`` to save per-instance memory and to prevent accidentally
creating additional attributes on instances.
**B904**: Within an ``except`` clause, raise exceptions with ``raise ... from err``
or ``raise ... from None`` to distinguish them from errors in exception handling.
See `the exception chaining tutorial <https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/errors.html#exception-chaining>`_
for details.
**B905**: ``zip()`` without an explicit `strict=` parameter set. ``strict=True`` causes the resulting iterator
to raise a ``ValueError`` if the arguments are exhausted at differing lengths.
Exclusions are `itertools.count <https://docs.python.org/3/library/itertools.html#itertools.count>`_, `itertools.cycle <https://docs.python.org/3/library/itertools.html#itertools.cycle>`_ and `itertools.repeat <https://docs.python.org/3/library/itertools.html#itertools.repeat>`_ (with times=None) since they are infinite iterators.
The ``strict=`` argument was added in Python 3.10, so don't enable this flag for code that should work on <3.10.
For more information: https://peps.python.org/pep-0618/
**B906**: ``visit_`` function with no further call to a ``visit`` function. This is often an error, and will stop the visitor from recursing into the subnodes of a visited node. Consider adding a call ``self.generic_visit(node)`` at the end of the function.
Will only trigger on function names where the part after ``visit_`` is a valid ``ast`` type with a non-empty ``_fields`` attribute.
This is meant to be enabled by developers writing visitors using the ``ast`` module, such as flake8 plugin writers.
**B907**: Consider replacing ``f"'{foo}'"`` with ``f"{foo!r}"`` which is both easier to read and will escape quotes inside ``foo`` if that would appear. The check tries to filter out any format specs that are invalid together with ``!r``. If you're using other conversion flags then e.g. ``f"'{foo!a}'"`` can be replaced with ``f"{ascii(foo)!r}"``. Not currently implemented for python<3.8 or ``str.format()`` calls.
**B908**: Contexts with exceptions assertions like ``with self.assertRaises`` or ``with pytest.raises`` should not have multiple top-level statements. Each statement should be in its own context. That way, the test ensures that the exception is raised only in the exact statement where you expect it.
**B909**: **Was B038** - Found a mutation of a mutable loop iterable inside the loop body. Changes to the iterable of a loop such as calls to `list.remove()` or via `del` can cause unintended bugs.
**B950**: Line too long. This is a pragmatic equivalent of
``pycodestyle``'s ``E501``: it considers "max-line-length" but only triggers
when the value has been exceeded by **more than 10%**. ``noqa`` and ``type: ignore`` comments are ignored. You will no
longer be forced to reformat code due to the closing parenthesis being
one character too far to satisfy the linter. At the same time, if you do
significantly violate the line length, you will receive a message that
states what the actual limit is. This is inspired by Raymond Hettinger's
`"Beyond PEP 8" talk <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wf-BqAjZb8M>`_ and
highway patrol not stopping you if you drive < 5mph too fast. Disable
``E501`` to avoid duplicate warnings. Like ``E501``, this error ignores long shebangs
on the first line and urls or paths that are on their own line::
#! long shebang ignored
# https://some-super-long-domain-name.com/with/some/very/long/paths
url = (
"https://some-super-long-domain-name.com/with/some/very/long/paths"
)
How to enable opinionated warnings
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
To enable Bugbear's opinionated checks (``B9xx``), specify an ``--extend-select``
command-line option or ``extend-select=`` option in your config file
(requires ``flake8 >=4.0``)::
[flake8]
max-line-length = 80
max-complexity = 12
...
extend-ignore = E501
extend-select = B950
Some of Bugbear's checks require other ``flake8`` checks disabled - e.g. ``E501`` must
be disabled when enabling ``B950``.
If you'd like all optional warnings to be enabled for you (future proof your config!),
say ``B9`` instead of ``B950``. You will need ``flake8 >=3.2`` for this feature.
For ``flake8 <=4.0``, you will need to use the ``--select`` command-line option or
``select=`` option in your config file. For ``flake8 >=3.0``, this option is a whitelist
(checks not listed are implicitly disabled), so you have to explicitly specify all
checks you want enabled (e.g. ``select = C,E,F,W,B,B950``).
The ``--extend-ignore`` command-line option and ``extend-ignore=`` config file option
require ``flake8 >=3.6``. For older ``flake8`` versions, the ``--ignore`` and
``ignore=`` options can be used. Using ``ignore`` will override all codes that are
disabled by default from all installed linters, so you will need to specify these codes
in your configuration to silence them. I think this behavior is surprising so Bugbear's
opinionated warnings require explicit selection.
**Note:** Bugbear's enforcement of explicit opinionated warning selection is deprecated
and will be removed in a future release. It is recommended to use ``extend-ignore`` and
``extend-select`` in your ``flake8`` configuration to avoid implicitly altering selected
and/or ignored codes.
Configuration
-------------
The plugin currently has the following settings:
``extend-immutable-calls``: Specify a list of additional immutable calls.
This could be useful, when using other libraries that provide more immutable calls,
beside those already handled by ``flake8-bugbear``. Calls to these method will no longer
raise a ``B008`` warning.
``classmethod-decorators``: Specify a list of decorators to additionally mark a method as a ``classmethod`` as used by B902. The default only checks for ``classmethod``. When an ``@obj.name`` decorator is specified it will match against either ``name`` or ``obj.name``.
This functions similarly to how `pep8-naming <https://github.com/PyCQA/pep8-naming>` handles it, but with different defaults, and they don't support specifying attributes such that a decorator will never match against a specified value ``obj.name`` even if decorated with ``@obj.name``.
For example::
[flake8]
max-line-length = 80
max-complexity = 12
...
extend-immutable-calls = pathlib.Path, Path
classmethod-decorators = myclassmethod, mylibrary.otherclassmethod
Tests / Lints
---------------
Just run::
coverage run tests/test_bugbear.py
For linting::
pre-commit run -a
License
-------
MIT
Change Log
----------
24.4.21
~~~~~~~
* B950: Add pragma comment to line length ignores (#463)
* B909: Add more cases to detect + more container mutating functions (#460)
24.2.6
~~~~~~
* B902: Remove decorators named validator and root_validator from B902 checks (#459)
* B038: Change B038 to B909 and make it optional (#456)
24.1.17
~~~~~~~
* B038: Restrict rule to mutation functions only (#453)
24.1.16
~~~~~~~
* B036: Fix crash on ``raise`` statements raising something other than
a bare name (#450)
24.1.15
~~~~~~~
* B038: Add check for mutations of loop iterator (#446)
* B037: Add check for yielding or returning values in __init__() (#442)
* B017: make B017 also apply to BaseException (#439)
* B036: Add check for except BaseException without re-raising (#438)
23.12.2
~~~~~~~
* B018: to detect useless-statements at all levels (#434)
* B018: Add classname to b018 useless-expression output (#433)
* B018: Include tuples in b018 useless-statement check (#432)
23.11.28
~~~~~~~~
* B035: Fix false positive when named expressions are used (#430)
23.11.26
~~~~~~~~
* B035: add check for static keys in dict-comprehension (#426)
* B902: Add exceptions for standard library metaclasses (#415)
* B017: Modify to no longer have a false negative when raises() is imported
directly from pytest (#424)
* B026: Fix bug where the check was not triggered for calls where the caller
is an attribute (#420)
23.9.16
~~~~~~~
* add --classmethod-decorators (#405)
* fix name collision for node_stack on python 3.12 (#406)
* Use pypa/build to build the package (#404)
23.7.10
~~~~~~~
* Add B034: re.sub/subn/split must pass flags/count/maxsplit as keyword arguments.
* Fix a crash and several test failures on Python 3.12, all relating to the B907
check.
* Declare support for Python 3.12.
23.6.5
~~~~~~
* Include tox.ini in MANIFEST.in for sdist. (#389)
* Improve B033 (duplicate set items) (#385)
23.5.9
~~~~~~
* Add B033: Detect duplicate items in sets
* Add B908: Detect assertRauses like contexts only has top level statements that could throw
* Add B028: Allow stacklevel to be explicitly assigned as a positional argument
* Remove more < 3.8 checks / assertions
23.3.23
~~~~~~~~~~
* flake8-bugbear is now >= 3.8.1 project like flake8>=6.0.0
* This has allowed some more modern AST usage cleanup and less CI running etc.
* B030: Fix crash on certain unusual except handlers (e.g. ``except a[0].b:``)
* Add B033: Check for duplicate items in sets.
23.3.12
~~~~~~~~
* B950: now ignores 'noqa' and 'type: ignore' comments.
* B005: Do not flag when using the ``strip()`` method on an imported module.
* B030: Allow calls and starred expressions in except handlers.
23.2.13
~~~~~~~~
* B906: Add ``visit_Bytes``, ``visit_Num`` and ``visit_Str`` to the list of ``visit_*``
functions that are ignored by the B906 check. The ``ast.Bytes``, ``ast.Num`` and
``ast.Str`` nodes are all deprecated, but may still be used by some codebases in
order to maintain backwards compatibility with Python 3.7.
* B016: Warn when raising f-strings.
* Add B028: Check for an explicit stacklevel keyword argument on the warn method from the warnings module.
* Add B029: Check when trying to use ``except`` with an empty tuple i.e. ``except ():``.
* Add B030: Check that except handlers only use exception classes or tuples of exception classes.
Fixes crash on some rare except handlers.
* Add B031: Check that ``itertools.groupby()`` is not used multiple times.
* Add B032: Check for possible unintentional type annotations instead of assignments.
23.1.20
~~~~~~~~~
* B024: now ignores classes without any methods. (#336)
* B017: Don't warn when ``pytest.raises()`` has a ``match`` argument. (#334)
* B906: Ignore ``visit_`` functions with a ``_fields`` attribute that can't contain ast.AST subnodes. (#330)
23.1.17
~~~~~~~~~
* Rename B028 to B907, making it optional/opinionated.
23.1.14
~~~~~~~~~
* Add B906: ``visit_`` function with no further calls to a ``visit`` function. (#313)
* Add B028: Suggest ``!r`` when formatted value in f-string is surrounded by quotes. (#319)
22.12.6
~~~~~~~~~
* Add B905: `zip()` without an explicit `strict=` parameter. (#314)
* B027: ignore @overload when typing is imported with other names (#309)
22.10.27
~~~~~~~~~
* B027: Ignore @overload decorator (#306)
* B023: Also fix map (#305)
* B023: Avoid false alarms with filter, reduce, key= and return. Added tests for functools (#303)
22.10.25
~~~~~~~~~
* Make B015 and B018 messages slightly more polite (#298)
* Add B027: Empty method in abstract base class with no abstract decorator
* Multiple B024 false positive fixes
* Move CI to use `tox` (#294)
* Move to using PEP621 / `pyproject.toml` package (#291)
* Tested in 3.11
22.9.23
~~~~~~~~~~
* Add B026: find argument unpacking after keyword argument (#287)
* Move to setup.cfg like flake8 (#288)
22.9.11
~~~~~~~~~~
* Add B025: find duplicate except clauses (#284)
22.8.23
~~~~~~~~~~
* Add B024 error code to message for B024 (#276)
22.8.22
~~~~~~~~~~
* Add B024: abstract base class with no abstract methods (#273)
22.7.1
~~~~~~~~~~
* Implement late-binding loop check (#265)
* `late-binding closures are a classic gotcha <https://docs.python-guide.org/writing/gotchas/#late-binding-closures>`__.
22.6.22
~~~~~~~~~~
* Don't crash when select / extend_select are None (#261)
* Ignore lambda arguments for B020 (#259)
* Fix missing space typos in B021, B022 error messages (#257)
22.4.25
~~~~~~~~~~
* Ignore black formatting for b013 test case (#251)
* B010 Fix lambda flase positive (#246)
* B008 Fix edge case with lambda functions (#243)
22.3.23
~~~~~~~~~~
* B006 and B008: Detect function calls at any level of the default expression (#239)
* B020: Fix comprehension false postives (#238)
* Tweak B019 desc (#237)
22.3.20
~~~~~~~~~~
* B022: No arguments passed to contextlib.suppress (#231)
* B021: f-string used as docstring. (#230)
* B020: ensure loop control variable doesn't overrides iterable it iterates (#220)
* B019: check to find cache decorators on class methods (#218)
* Fix crash on long empty string (#223)
22.1.11
~~~~~~~~~~
* B018: Ignore JoinedStr (#216)
* Build universal Python 3 wheels (#214)
* B950: Add same special cases as E501 (#213)
21.11.29
~~~~~~~~~~
* B018: Disable strings from check for now (#209)
21.11.28
~~~~~~~~~~
* B904: ensure the raise is in the same context with the except (#191)
* Add Option to extend the list of immutable calls (#204)
* Update B014: ``binascii.Error`` is now treated as a subclass of ``ValueError`` (#206)
* add simple pre-commit config (#205)
* Test with 3.10 official
* Add B018 check to find useless declarations (#196, #202)
21.9.2
~~~~~~~~~~
* Fix crash on call in except statement in _to_name_str (#187)
* Update B006: list, dictionary, and set comprehensions are now also disallowed (#186)
21.9.1
~~~~~~
* Update B008: Whitelist more immutable function calls (#173)
* Remove Python Compatibility Warnings (#182)
* Add B904: check for ``raise`` without ``from`` in an ``except`` clause (#181)
* Add Python 3.10 tests to ensure we pass (#183)
21.4.3
~~~~~~
* Verify the element in item_context.args is of type ast.Name for b017
21.4.2
~~~~~~
* Add another hasattr() check to b017 visit for .func
21.4.1
~~~~~~
* Add B017: check for gotta-catch-em-all assertRaises(Exception)
21.3.2
~~~~~~
* Fix crash on tuple expansion in try/except block (#161)
21.3.1
~~~~~~
* Fix grammar in B015 (#150)
* Make sure float infinity/NaN does not trigger B008 (#155)
* Handle positional-only args in class methods (#158)
20.11.1
~~~~~~~~~~~~
* Support exception aliases properly in B014 (#129)
* Add B015: Pointless comparison (#130)
* Remove check for # noqa comments (#134)
* Ignore exception classes which are not types (#135)
* Introduce B016 to check for raising a literal. (#141)
* Exclude types.MappingProxyType() from B008. (#144)
20.1.4
~~~~~~
* Ignore keywords for B009/B010
20.1.3
~~~~~~
* Silence B009/B010 for non-identifiers
* State an ignore might be needed for optional B9x checks
20.1.2
~~~~~~
* Fix error on attributes-of-attributes in `except (...):` clauses
20.1.1
~~~~~~
* Allow continue/break within loops in finally clauses for B012
* For B001, also check for ``except ():``
* Introduce B013 and B014 to check tuples in ``except (..., ):`` statements
20.1.0
~~~~~~
* Warn about continue/return/break in finally block (#100)
* Removed a colon from the descriptive message in B008. (#96)
19.8.0
~~~~~~
* Fix .travis.yml syntax + add Python 3.8 + nightly tests
* Fix `black` formatting + enforce via CI
* Make B901 not apply to __await__ methods
19.3.0
~~~~~~
* allow 'mcs' for metaclass classmethod first arg (PyCharm default)
* Introduce B011
* Introduce B009 and B010
* Exclude immutable calls like tuple() and frozenset() from B008
* For B902, the first argument for metaclass class methods can be
"mcs", matching the name preferred by PyCharm.
18.8.0
~~~~~~
* black format all .py files
* Examine kw-only args for mutable defaults
* Test for Python 3.7
18.2.0
~~~~~~
* packaging fixes
17.12.0
~~~~~~~
* graduated to Production/Stable in trove classifiers
* introduced B008
17.4.0
~~~~~~
* bugfix: Also check async functions for B006 + B902
17.3.0
~~~~~~
* introduced B903 (patch contributed by Martijn Pieters)
* bugfix: B902 now enforces `cls` for instance methods on metaclasses
and `metacls` for class methods on metaclasses
17.2.0
~~~~~~
* introduced B902
* bugfix: opinionated warnings no longer invisible in Syntastic
* bugfix: opinionated warnings stay visible when --select on the
command-line is used with full three-digit error codes
16.12.2
~~~~~~~
* bugfix: opinionated warnings no longer get enabled when user specifies
``ignore =`` in the configuration. Now they require explicit
selection as documented above also in this case.
16.12.1
~~~~~~~
* bugfix: B007 no longer crashes on tuple unpacking in for-loops
16.12.0
~~~~~~~
* introduced B007
* bugfix: remove an extra colon in error formatting that was making Bugbear
errors invisible in Syntastic
* marked as "Beta" in trove classifiers, it's been used in production
for 8+ months
16.11.1
~~~~~~~
* introduced B005
* introduced B006
* introduced B950
16.11.0
~~~~~~~
* bugfix: don't raise false positives in B901 on closures within
generators
* gracefully fail on Python 2 in setup.py
16.10.0
~~~~~~~
* introduced B004
* introduced B901, thanks Markus!
* update ``flake8`` constraint to at least 3.0.0
16.9.0
~~~~~~
* introduced B003
16.7.1
~~~~~~
* bugfix: don't omit message code in B306's warning
* change dependency on ``pep8`` to dependency on ``pycodestyle``, update
``flake8`` constraint to at least 2.6.2
16.7.0
~~~~~~
* introduced B306
16.6.1
~~~~~~
* bugfix: don't crash on files with tuple unpacking in class bodies
16.6.0
~~~~~~
* introduced B002, B301, B302, B303, B304, and B305
16.4.2
~~~~~~
* packaging herp derp
16.4.1
~~~~~~
* bugfix: include tests in the source package (to make ``setup.py test``
work for everyone)
* bugfix: explicitly open README.rst in UTF-8 in setup.py for systems
with other default encodings
16.4.0
~~~~~~
* first published version
* date-versioned
Authors
-------
Glued together by `Łukasz Langa <mailto:lukasz@langa.pl>`_. Multiple
improvements by `Markus Unterwaditzer <mailto:markus@unterwaditzer.net>`_,
`Martijn Pieters <mailto:github.com@zopatista.com>`_,
`Cooper Lees <mailto:me@cooperlees.com>`_, and `Ryan May <mailto:rmay31@gmail.com>`_.
Raw data
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"name": "flake8-bugbear",
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"maintainer_email": null,
"keywords": "flake8, bugbear, bugs, pyflakes, pylint, linter, qa",
"author": null,
"author_email": "\u0141ukasz Langa <lukasz@langa.pl>",
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"description": "==============\nflake8-bugbear\n==============\n\n.. image:: https://github.com/PyCQA/flake8-bugbear/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg\n :target: https://github.com/PyCQA/flake8-bugbear/actions/workflows/ci.yml\n\n.. image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg\n :target: https://github.com/psf/black\n\n.. image:: https://results.pre-commit.ci/badge/github/PyCQA/flake8-bugbear/main.svg\n :target: https://results.pre-commit.ci/latest/github/PyCQA/flake8-bugbear/main\n :alt: pre-commit.ci status\n\nA plugin for ``flake8`` finding likely bugs and design problems in your\nprogram. Contains warnings that don't belong in ``pyflakes`` and\n``pycodestyle``::\n\n bug\u00b7bear (b\u016dg\u2032b\u00e2r\u2032)\n n.\n 1. A cause of fear, anxiety, or irritation: *Overcrowding is often\n a bugbear for train commuters.*\n 2. A difficult or persistent problem: *\"One of the major bugbears of\n traditional AI is the difficulty of programming computers to\n recognize that different but similar objects are instances of the\n same type of thing\" (Jack Copeland).*\n 3. A fearsome imaginary creature, especially one evoked to frighten\n children.\n\nIt is felt that these lints don't belong in the main Python tools as they\nare very opinionated and do not have a PEP or standard behind them. Due to\n``flake8`` being designed to be extensible, the original creators of these lints\nbelieved that a plugin was the best route. This has resulted in better development\nvelocity for contributors and adaptive deployment for ``flake8`` users.\n\nInstallation\n------------\n\nInstall from ``pip`` with:\n\n.. code-block:: sh\n\n pip install flake8-bugbear\n\nIt will then automatically be run as part of ``flake8``; you can check it has\nbeen picked up with:\n\n.. code-block:: sh\n\n $ flake8 --version\n 3.5.0 (assertive: 1.0.1, flake8-bugbear: 18.2.0, flake8-comprehensions: 1.4.1, mccabe: 0.6.1, pycodestyle: 2.3.1, pyflakes: 1.6.0) CPython 3.7.0 on Darwin\n\nDevelopment\n-----------\n\nIf you'd like to do a PR we have development instructions `here <https://github.com/PyCQA/flake8-bugbear/blob/master/DEVELOPMENT.md>`_.\n\nList of warnings\n----------------\n\n**B001**: Do not use bare ``except:``, it also catches unexpected events\nlike memory errors, interrupts, system exit, and so on. Prefer ``except\nException:``. If you're sure what you're doing, be explicit and write\n``except BaseException:``. Disable ``E722`` to avoid duplicate warnings.\n\n**B002**: Python does not support the unary prefix increment. Writing\n``++n`` is equivalent to ``+(+(n))``, which equals ``n``. You meant ``n\n+= 1``.\n\n**B003**: Assigning to ``os.environ`` doesn't clear the\nenvironment. Subprocesses are going to see outdated\nvariables, in disagreement with the current process. Use\n``os.environ.clear()`` or the ``env=`` argument to Popen.\n\n**B004**: Using ``hasattr(x, '__call__')`` to test if ``x`` is callable\nis unreliable. If ``x`` implements custom ``__getattr__`` or its\n``__call__`` is itself not callable, you might get misleading\nresults. Use ``callable(x)`` for consistent results.\n\n**B005**: Using ``.strip()`` with multi-character strings is misleading\nthe reader. It looks like stripping a substring. Move your\ncharacter set to a constant if this is deliberate. Use\n``.replace()``, ``.removeprefix()``, ``.removesuffix()`` or regular\nexpressions to remove string fragments.\n\n**B006**: Do not use mutable data structures for argument defaults. They\nare created during function definition time. All calls to the function\nreuse this one instance of that data structure, persisting changes\nbetween them.\n\n**B007**: Loop control variable not used within the loop body. If this is\nintended, start the name with an underscore.\n\n**B008**: Do not perform function calls in argument defaults. The call is\nperformed only once at function definition time. All calls to your\nfunction will reuse the result of that definition-time function call. If\nthis is intended, assign the function call to a module-level variable and\nuse that variable as a default value.\n\n**B009**: Do not call ``getattr(x, 'attr')``, instead use normal\nproperty access: ``x.attr``. Missing a default to ``getattr`` will cause\nan ``AttributeError`` to be raised for non-existent properties. There is\nno additional safety in using ``getattr`` if you know the attribute name\nahead of time.\n\n**B010**: Do not call ``setattr(x, 'attr', val)``, instead use normal\nproperty access: ``x.attr = val``. There is no additional safety in\nusing ``setattr`` if you know the attribute name ahead of time.\n\n**B011**: Do not call ``assert False`` since ``python -O`` removes these calls.\nInstead callers should ``raise AssertionError()``.\n\n**B012**: Use of ``break``, ``continue`` or ``return`` inside ``finally`` blocks will\nsilence exceptions or override return values from the ``try`` or ``except`` blocks.\nTo silence an exception, do it explicitly in the ``except`` block. To properly use\na ``break``, ``continue`` or ``return`` refactor your code so these statements are not\nin the ``finally`` block.\n\n**B013**: A length-one tuple literal is redundant. Write ``except SomeError:``\ninstead of ``except (SomeError,):``.\n\n**B014**: Redundant exception types in ``except (Exception, TypeError):``.\nWrite ``except Exception:``, which catches exactly the same exceptions.\n\n**B015**: Pointless comparison. This comparison does nothing but\nwaste CPU instructions. Either prepend ``assert`` or remove it.\n\n**B016**: Cannot raise a literal. Did you intend to return it or raise\nan Exception?\n\n**B017**: ``assertRaises(Exception)`` and ``pytest.raises(Exception)`` should\nbe considered evil. They can lead to your test passing even if the\ncode being tested is never executed due to a typo. Assert for a more\nspecific exception (builtin or custom), or use ``assertRaisesRegex``\n(if using ``assertRaises``), or add the ``match`` keyword argument (if\nusing ``pytest.raises``), or use the context manager form with a target\n(e.g. ``with self.assertRaises(Exception) as ex:``).\n\n**B018**: Found useless expression. Either assign it to a variable or remove it.\nNote that dangling commas will cause things to be interpreted as useless tuples.\nFor example, in the statement ``print(\"..\"),`` is the same as ``(print(\"..\"),)``\nwhich is an unassigned tuple. Simply remove the comma to clear the error.\n\n**B019**: Use of ``functools.lru_cache`` or ``functools.cache`` on methods\ncan lead to memory leaks. The cache may retain instance references, preventing\ngarbage collection.\n\n**B020**: Loop control variable overrides iterable it iterates\n\n**B021**: f-string used as docstring. This will be interpreted by python\nas a joined string rather than a docstring.\n\n**B022**: No arguments passed to `contextlib.suppress`.\nNo exceptions will be suppressed and therefore this context manager is redundant.\nN.B. this rule currently does not flag `suppress` calls to avoid potential false\npositives due to similarly named user-defined functions.\n\n**B023**: Functions defined inside a loop must not use variables redefined in\nthe loop, because `late-binding closures are a classic gotcha\n<https://docs.python-guide.org/writing/gotchas/#late-binding-closures>`__.\n\n**B024**: Abstract base class has methods, but none of them are abstract. This\nis not necessarily an error, but you might have forgotten to add the @abstractmethod\ndecorator, potentially in conjunction with @classmethod, @property and/or @staticmethod.\n\n**B025**: ``try-except`` block with duplicate exceptions found.\nThis check identifies exception types that are specified in multiple ``except``\nclauses. The first specification is the only one ever considered, so all others can be removed.\n\n**B026**: Star-arg unpacking after a keyword argument is strongly discouraged, because\nit only works when the keyword parameter is declared after all parameters supplied by\nthe unpacked sequence, and this change of ordering can surprise and mislead readers.\nThere was `cpython discussion of disallowing this syntax\n<https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/82741>`_, but legacy usage and parser\nlimitations make it difficult.\n\n**B027**: Empty method in abstract base class, but has no abstract decorator. Consider adding @abstractmethod.\n\n**B028**: No explicit stacklevel argument found. The warn method from the warnings module uses a\nstacklevel of 1 by default. This will only show a stack trace for the line on which the warn method is called.\nIt is therefore recommended to use a stacklevel of 2 or greater to provide more information to the user.\n\n**B029**: Using ``except ():`` with an empty tuple does not handle/catch anything. Add exceptions to handle.\n\n**B030**: Except handlers should only be exception classes or tuples of exception classes.\n\n**B031**: Using the generator returned from `itertools.groupby()` more than once will do nothing on the\nsecond usage. Save the result to a list if the result is needed multiple times.\n\n**B032**: Possible unintentional type annotation (using ``:``). Did you mean to assign (using ``=``)?\n\n**B033**: Sets should not contain duplicate items. Duplicate items will be replaced with a single item at runtime.\n\n**B034**: Calls to `re.sub`, `re.subn` or `re.split` should pass `flags` or `count`/`maxsplit` as keyword arguments. It is commonly assumed that `flags` is the third positional parameter, forgetting about `count`/`maxsplit`, since many other `re` module functions are of the form `f(pattern, string, flags)`.\n\n**B035**: Found dict comprehension with a static key - either a constant value or variable not from the comprehension expression. This will result in a dict with a single key that was repeatedly overwritten.\n\n**B036**: Found ``except BaseException:`` without re-raising (no ``raise`` in the top-level of the ``except`` block). This catches all kinds of things (Exception, SystemExit, KeyboardInterrupt...) and may prevent a program from exiting as expected.\n\n**B037**: Found ``return <value>``, ``yield``, ``yield <value>``, or ``yield from <value>`` in class ``__init__()`` method. No values should be returned or yielded, only bare ``return``\\s are ok.\n\n**B038**: **Moved to B909** - Found a mutation of a mutable loop iterable inside the loop body. Changes to the iterable of a loop such as calls to `list.remove()` or via `del` can cause unintended bugs.\n\nOpinionated warnings\n~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\n\nThe following warnings are disabled by default because they are\ncontroversial. They may or may not apply to you, enable them explicitly\nin your configuration if you find them useful. Read below on how to\nenable.\n\n**B901**: Using ``return x`` in a generator function used to be\nsyntactically invalid in Python 2. In Python 3 ``return x`` can be used\nin a generator as a return value in conjunction with ``yield from``.\nUsers coming from Python 2 may expect the old behavior which might lead\nto bugs. Use native ``async def`` coroutines or mark intentional\n``return x`` usage with ``# noqa`` on the same line.\n\n**B902**: Invalid first argument used for method. Use ``self`` for\ninstance methods, and ``cls`` for class methods (which includes ``__new__``\nand ``__init_subclass__``) or instance methods of metaclasses (detected as\nclasses directly inheriting from ``type``).\n\n**B903**: Use ``collections.namedtuple`` (or ``typing.NamedTuple``) for\ndata classes that only set attributes in an ``__init__`` method, and do\nnothing else. If the attributes should be mutable, define the attributes\nin ``__slots__`` to save per-instance memory and to prevent accidentally\ncreating additional attributes on instances.\n\n**B904**: Within an ``except`` clause, raise exceptions with ``raise ... from err``\nor ``raise ... from None`` to distinguish them from errors in exception handling.\nSee `the exception chaining tutorial <https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/errors.html#exception-chaining>`_\nfor details.\n\n**B905**: ``zip()`` without an explicit `strict=` parameter set. ``strict=True`` causes the resulting iterator\nto raise a ``ValueError`` if the arguments are exhausted at differing lengths.\n\nExclusions are `itertools.count <https://docs.python.org/3/library/itertools.html#itertools.count>`_, `itertools.cycle <https://docs.python.org/3/library/itertools.html#itertools.cycle>`_ and `itertools.repeat <https://docs.python.org/3/library/itertools.html#itertools.repeat>`_ (with times=None) since they are infinite iterators.\n\nThe ``strict=`` argument was added in Python 3.10, so don't enable this flag for code that should work on <3.10.\nFor more information: https://peps.python.org/pep-0618/\n\n**B906**: ``visit_`` function with no further call to a ``visit`` function. This is often an error, and will stop the visitor from recursing into the subnodes of a visited node. Consider adding a call ``self.generic_visit(node)`` at the end of the function.\nWill only trigger on function names where the part after ``visit_`` is a valid ``ast`` type with a non-empty ``_fields`` attribute.\nThis is meant to be enabled by developers writing visitors using the ``ast`` module, such as flake8 plugin writers.\n\n**B907**: Consider replacing ``f\"'{foo}'\"`` with ``f\"{foo!r}\"`` which is both easier to read and will escape quotes inside ``foo`` if that would appear. The check tries to filter out any format specs that are invalid together with ``!r``. If you're using other conversion flags then e.g. ``f\"'{foo!a}'\"`` can be replaced with ``f\"{ascii(foo)!r}\"``. Not currently implemented for python<3.8 or ``str.format()`` calls.\n\n**B908**: Contexts with exceptions assertions like ``with self.assertRaises`` or ``with pytest.raises`` should not have multiple top-level statements. Each statement should be in its own context. That way, the test ensures that the exception is raised only in the exact statement where you expect it.\n\n**B909**: **Was B038** - Found a mutation of a mutable loop iterable inside the loop body. Changes to the iterable of a loop such as calls to `list.remove()` or via `del` can cause unintended bugs.\n\n**B950**: Line too long. This is a pragmatic equivalent of\n``pycodestyle``'s ``E501``: it considers \"max-line-length\" but only triggers\nwhen the value has been exceeded by **more than 10%**. ``noqa`` and ``type: ignore`` comments are ignored. You will no\nlonger be forced to reformat code due to the closing parenthesis being\none character too far to satisfy the linter. At the same time, if you do\nsignificantly violate the line length, you will receive a message that\nstates what the actual limit is. This is inspired by Raymond Hettinger's\n`\"Beyond PEP 8\" talk <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wf-BqAjZb8M>`_ and\nhighway patrol not stopping you if you drive < 5mph too fast. Disable\n``E501`` to avoid duplicate warnings. Like ``E501``, this error ignores long shebangs\non the first line and urls or paths that are on their own line::\n\n #! long shebang ignored\n\n # https://some-super-long-domain-name.com/with/some/very/long/paths\n url = (\n \"https://some-super-long-domain-name.com/with/some/very/long/paths\"\n )\n\n\nHow to enable opinionated warnings\n~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~\n\nTo enable Bugbear's opinionated checks (``B9xx``), specify an ``--extend-select``\ncommand-line option or ``extend-select=`` option in your config file\n(requires ``flake8 >=4.0``)::\n\n [flake8]\n max-line-length = 80\n max-complexity = 12\n ...\n extend-ignore = E501\n extend-select = B950\n\nSome of Bugbear's checks require other ``flake8`` checks disabled - e.g. ``E501`` must\nbe disabled when enabling ``B950``.\n\nIf you'd like all optional warnings to be enabled for you (future proof your config!),\nsay ``B9`` instead of ``B950``. You will need ``flake8 >=3.2`` for this feature.\n\nFor ``flake8 <=4.0``, you will need to use the ``--select`` command-line option or\n``select=`` option in your config file. For ``flake8 >=3.0``, this option is a whitelist\n(checks not listed are implicitly disabled), so you have to explicitly specify all\nchecks you want enabled (e.g. ``select = C,E,F,W,B,B950``).\n\nThe ``--extend-ignore`` command-line option and ``extend-ignore=`` config file option\nrequire ``flake8 >=3.6``. For older ``flake8`` versions, the ``--ignore`` and\n``ignore=`` options can be used. Using ``ignore`` will override all codes that are\ndisabled by default from all installed linters, so you will need to specify these codes\nin your configuration to silence them. I think this behavior is surprising so Bugbear's\nopinionated warnings require explicit selection.\n\n**Note:** Bugbear's enforcement of explicit opinionated warning selection is deprecated\nand will be removed in a future release. It is recommended to use ``extend-ignore`` and\n``extend-select`` in your ``flake8`` configuration to avoid implicitly altering selected\nand/or ignored codes.\n\nConfiguration\n-------------\n\nThe plugin currently has the following settings:\n\n``extend-immutable-calls``: Specify a list of additional immutable calls.\nThis could be useful, when using other libraries that provide more immutable calls,\nbeside those already handled by ``flake8-bugbear``. Calls to these method will no longer\nraise a ``B008`` warning.\n\n``classmethod-decorators``: Specify a list of decorators to additionally mark a method as a ``classmethod`` as used by B902. The default only checks for ``classmethod``. When an ``@obj.name`` decorator is specified it will match against either ``name`` or ``obj.name``.\nThis functions similarly to how `pep8-naming <https://github.com/PyCQA/pep8-naming>` handles it, but with different defaults, and they don't support specifying attributes such that a decorator will never match against a specified value ``obj.name`` even if decorated with ``@obj.name``.\n\nFor example::\n\n [flake8]\n max-line-length = 80\n max-complexity = 12\n ...\n extend-immutable-calls = pathlib.Path, Path\n classmethod-decorators = myclassmethod, mylibrary.otherclassmethod\n\nTests / Lints\n---------------\n\nJust run::\n\n coverage run tests/test_bugbear.py\n\n\nFor linting::\n\n pre-commit run -a\n\n\nLicense\n-------\n\nMIT\n\n\nChange Log\n----------\n\n24.4.21\n~~~~~~~\n\n* B950: Add pragma comment to line length ignores (#463)\n* B909: Add more cases to detect + more container mutating functions (#460)\n\n24.2.6\n~~~~~~\n\n* B902: Remove decorators named validator and root_validator from B902 checks (#459)\n* B038: Change B038 to B909 and make it optional (#456)\n\n24.1.17\n~~~~~~~\n\n* B038: Restrict rule to mutation functions only (#453)\n\n24.1.16\n~~~~~~~\n\n* B036: Fix crash on ``raise`` statements raising something other than\n a bare name (#450)\n\n24.1.15\n~~~~~~~\n\n* B038: Add check for mutations of loop iterator (#446)\n* B037: Add check for yielding or returning values in __init__() (#442)\n* B017: make B017 also apply to BaseException (#439)\n* B036: Add check for except BaseException without re-raising (#438)\n\n23.12.2\n~~~~~~~\n\n* B018: to detect useless-statements at all levels (#434)\n* B018: Add classname to b018 useless-expression output (#433)\n* B018: Include tuples in b018 useless-statement check (#432)\n\n23.11.28\n~~~~~~~~\n\n* B035: Fix false positive when named expressions are used (#430)\n\n23.11.26\n~~~~~~~~\n\n* B035: add check for static keys in dict-comprehension (#426)\n* B902: Add exceptions for standard library metaclasses (#415)\n* B017: Modify to no longer have a false negative when raises() is imported\n directly from pytest (#424)\n* B026: Fix bug where the check was not triggered for calls where the caller\n is an attribute (#420)\n\n23.9.16\n~~~~~~~\n\n* add --classmethod-decorators (#405)\n* fix name collision for node_stack on python 3.12 (#406)\n* Use pypa/build to build the package (#404)\n\n23.7.10\n~~~~~~~\n\n* Add B034: re.sub/subn/split must pass flags/count/maxsplit as keyword arguments.\n* Fix a crash and several test failures on Python 3.12, all relating to the B907\n check.\n* Declare support for Python 3.12.\n\n23.6.5\n~~~~~~\n\n* Include tox.ini in MANIFEST.in for sdist. (#389)\n* Improve B033 (duplicate set items) (#385)\n\n23.5.9\n~~~~~~\n\n* Add B033: Detect duplicate items in sets\n* Add B908: Detect assertRauses like contexts only has top level statements that could throw\n* Add B028: Allow stacklevel to be explicitly assigned as a positional argument\n* Remove more < 3.8 checks / assertions\n\n23.3.23\n~~~~~~~~~~\n\n* flake8-bugbear is now >= 3.8.1 project like flake8>=6.0.0\n * This has allowed some more modern AST usage cleanup and less CI running etc.\n* B030: Fix crash on certain unusual except handlers (e.g. ``except a[0].b:``)\n* Add B033: Check for duplicate items in sets.\n\n23.3.12\n~~~~~~~~\n\n* B950: now ignores 'noqa' and 'type: ignore' comments.\n* B005: Do not flag when using the ``strip()`` method on an imported module.\n* B030: Allow calls and starred expressions in except handlers.\n\n23.2.13\n~~~~~~~~\n\n* B906: Add ``visit_Bytes``, ``visit_Num`` and ``visit_Str`` to the list of ``visit_*``\n functions that are ignored by the B906 check. The ``ast.Bytes``, ``ast.Num`` and\n ``ast.Str`` nodes are all deprecated, but may still be used by some codebases in\n order to maintain backwards compatibility with Python 3.7.\n* B016: Warn when raising f-strings.\n* Add B028: Check for an explicit stacklevel keyword argument on the warn method from the warnings module.\n* Add B029: Check when trying to use ``except`` with an empty tuple i.e. ``except ():``.\n* Add B030: Check that except handlers only use exception classes or tuples of exception classes.\n Fixes crash on some rare except handlers.\n* Add B031: Check that ``itertools.groupby()`` is not used multiple times.\n* Add B032: Check for possible unintentional type annotations instead of assignments.\n\n23.1.20\n~~~~~~~~~\n\n* B024: now ignores classes without any methods. (#336)\n* B017: Don't warn when ``pytest.raises()`` has a ``match`` argument. (#334)\n* B906: Ignore ``visit_`` functions with a ``_fields`` attribute that can't contain ast.AST subnodes. (#330)\n\n23.1.17\n~~~~~~~~~\n\n* Rename B028 to B907, making it optional/opinionated.\n\n23.1.14\n~~~~~~~~~\n\n* Add B906: ``visit_`` function with no further calls to a ``visit`` function. (#313)\n* Add B028: Suggest ``!r`` when formatted value in f-string is surrounded by quotes. (#319)\n\n22.12.6\n~~~~~~~~~\n\n* Add B905: `zip()` without an explicit `strict=` parameter. (#314)\n* B027: ignore @overload when typing is imported with other names (#309)\n\n22.10.27\n~~~~~~~~~\n\n* B027: Ignore @overload decorator (#306)\n* B023: Also fix map (#305)\n* B023: Avoid false alarms with filter, reduce, key= and return. Added tests for functools (#303)\n\n22.10.25\n~~~~~~~~~\n\n* Make B015 and B018 messages slightly more polite (#298)\n* Add B027: Empty method in abstract base class with no abstract decorator\n* Multiple B024 false positive fixes\n* Move CI to use `tox` (#294)\n* Move to using PEP621 / `pyproject.toml` package (#291)\n* Tested in 3.11\n\n22.9.23\n~~~~~~~~~~\n\n* Add B026: find argument unpacking after keyword argument (#287)\n* Move to setup.cfg like flake8 (#288)\n\n22.9.11\n~~~~~~~~~~\n\n* Add B025: find duplicate except clauses (#284)\n\n22.8.23\n~~~~~~~~~~\n\n* Add B024 error code to message for B024 (#276)\n\n22.8.22\n~~~~~~~~~~\n\n* Add B024: abstract base class with no abstract methods (#273)\n\n\n22.7.1\n~~~~~~~~~~\n\n* Implement late-binding loop check (#265)\n\n * `late-binding closures are a classic gotcha <https://docs.python-guide.org/writing/gotchas/#late-binding-closures>`__.\n\n22.6.22\n~~~~~~~~~~\n\n* Don't crash when select / extend_select are None (#261)\n* Ignore lambda arguments for B020 (#259)\n* Fix missing space typos in B021, B022 error messages (#257)\n\n\n22.4.25\n~~~~~~~~~~\n\n* Ignore black formatting for b013 test case (#251)\n* B010 Fix lambda flase positive (#246)\n* B008 Fix edge case with lambda functions (#243)\n\n22.3.23\n~~~~~~~~~~\n\n* B006 and B008: Detect function calls at any level of the default expression (#239)\n* B020: Fix comprehension false postives (#238)\n* Tweak B019 desc (#237)\n\n22.3.20\n~~~~~~~~~~\n\n* B022: No arguments passed to contextlib.suppress (#231)\n* B021: f-string used as docstring. (#230)\n* B020: ensure loop control variable doesn't overrides iterable it iterates (#220)\n* B019: check to find cache decorators on class methods (#218)\n* Fix crash on long empty string (#223)\n\n22.1.11\n~~~~~~~~~~\n\n* B018: Ignore JoinedStr (#216)\n* Build universal Python 3 wheels (#214)\n* B950: Add same special cases as E501 (#213)\n\n21.11.29\n~~~~~~~~~~\n\n* B018: Disable strings from check for now (#209)\n\n21.11.28\n~~~~~~~~~~\n\n* B904: ensure the raise is in the same context with the except (#191)\n* Add Option to extend the list of immutable calls (#204)\n* Update B014: ``binascii.Error`` is now treated as a subclass of ``ValueError`` (#206)\n* add simple pre-commit config (#205)\n* Test with 3.10 official\n* Add B018 check to find useless declarations (#196, #202)\n\n21.9.2\n~~~~~~~~~~\n\n* Fix crash on call in except statement in _to_name_str (#187)\n* Update B006: list, dictionary, and set comprehensions are now also disallowed (#186)\n\n21.9.1\n~~~~~~\n\n* Update B008: Whitelist more immutable function calls (#173)\n* Remove Python Compatibility Warnings (#182)\n* Add B904: check for ``raise`` without ``from`` in an ``except`` clause (#181)\n* Add Python 3.10 tests to ensure we pass (#183)\n\n21.4.3\n~~~~~~\n\n* Verify the element in item_context.args is of type ast.Name for b017\n\n21.4.2\n~~~~~~\n\n* Add another hasattr() check to b017 visit for .func\n\n21.4.1\n~~~~~~\n\n* Add B017: check for gotta-catch-em-all assertRaises(Exception)\n\n21.3.2\n~~~~~~\n\n* Fix crash on tuple expansion in try/except block (#161)\n\n21.3.1\n~~~~~~\n\n* Fix grammar in B015 (#150)\n* Make sure float infinity/NaN does not trigger B008 (#155)\n* Handle positional-only args in class methods (#158)\n\n20.11.1\n~~~~~~~~~~~~\n\n* Support exception aliases properly in B014 (#129)\n* Add B015: Pointless comparison (#130)\n* Remove check for # noqa comments (#134)\n* Ignore exception classes which are not types (#135)\n* Introduce B016 to check for raising a literal. (#141)\n* Exclude types.MappingProxyType() from B008. (#144)\n\n20.1.4\n~~~~~~\n\n* Ignore keywords for B009/B010\n\n20.1.3\n~~~~~~\n\n* Silence B009/B010 for non-identifiers\n* State an ignore might be needed for optional B9x checks\n\n20.1.2\n~~~~~~\n\n* Fix error on attributes-of-attributes in `except (...):` clauses\n\n20.1.1\n~~~~~~\n\n* Allow continue/break within loops in finally clauses for B012\n* For B001, also check for ``except ():``\n* Introduce B013 and B014 to check tuples in ``except (..., ):`` statements\n\n20.1.0\n~~~~~~\n\n* Warn about continue/return/break in finally block (#100)\n* Removed a colon from the descriptive message in B008. (#96)\n\n19.8.0\n~~~~~~\n\n* Fix .travis.yml syntax + add Python 3.8 + nightly tests\n* Fix `black` formatting + enforce via CI\n* Make B901 not apply to __await__ methods\n\n19.3.0\n~~~~~~\n\n* allow 'mcs' for metaclass classmethod first arg (PyCharm default)\n* Introduce B011\n* Introduce B009 and B010\n* Exclude immutable calls like tuple() and frozenset() from B008\n* For B902, the first argument for metaclass class methods can be\n \"mcs\", matching the name preferred by PyCharm.\n\n18.8.0\n~~~~~~\n\n* black format all .py files\n* Examine kw-only args for mutable defaults\n* Test for Python 3.7\n\n18.2.0\n~~~~~~\n\n* packaging fixes\n\n\n17.12.0\n~~~~~~~\n\n* graduated to Production/Stable in trove classifiers\n\n* introduced B008\n\n17.4.0\n~~~~~~\n\n* bugfix: Also check async functions for B006 + B902\n\n17.3.0\n~~~~~~\n\n* introduced B903 (patch contributed by Martijn Pieters)\n\n* bugfix: B902 now enforces `cls` for instance methods on metaclasses\n and `metacls` for class methods on metaclasses\n\n17.2.0\n~~~~~~\n\n* introduced B902\n\n* bugfix: opinionated warnings no longer invisible in Syntastic\n\n* bugfix: opinionated warnings stay visible when --select on the\n command-line is used with full three-digit error codes\n\n16.12.2\n~~~~~~~\n\n* bugfix: opinionated warnings no longer get enabled when user specifies\n ``ignore =`` in the configuration. Now they require explicit\n selection as documented above also in this case.\n\n16.12.1\n~~~~~~~\n\n* bugfix: B007 no longer crashes on tuple unpacking in for-loops\n\n16.12.0\n~~~~~~~\n\n* introduced B007\n\n* bugfix: remove an extra colon in error formatting that was making Bugbear\n errors invisible in Syntastic\n\n* marked as \"Beta\" in trove classifiers, it's been used in production\n for 8+ months\n\n16.11.1\n~~~~~~~\n\n* introduced B005\n\n* introduced B006\n\n* introduced B950\n\n16.11.0\n~~~~~~~\n\n* bugfix: don't raise false positives in B901 on closures within\n generators\n\n* gracefully fail on Python 2 in setup.py\n\n16.10.0\n~~~~~~~\n\n* introduced B004\n\n* introduced B901, thanks Markus!\n\n* update ``flake8`` constraint to at least 3.0.0\n\n16.9.0\n~~~~~~\n\n* introduced B003\n\n16.7.1\n~~~~~~\n\n* bugfix: don't omit message code in B306's warning\n\n* change dependency on ``pep8`` to dependency on ``pycodestyle``, update\n ``flake8`` constraint to at least 2.6.2\n\n16.7.0\n~~~~~~\n\n* introduced B306\n\n16.6.1\n~~~~~~\n\n* bugfix: don't crash on files with tuple unpacking in class bodies\n\n16.6.0\n~~~~~~\n\n* introduced B002, B301, B302, B303, B304, and B305\n\n16.4.2\n~~~~~~\n\n* packaging herp derp\n\n16.4.1\n~~~~~~\n\n* bugfix: include tests in the source package (to make ``setup.py test``\n work for everyone)\n\n* bugfix: explicitly open README.rst in UTF-8 in setup.py for systems\n with other default encodings\n\n16.4.0\n~~~~~~\n\n* first published version\n\n* date-versioned\n\n\nAuthors\n-------\n\nGlued together by `\u0141ukasz Langa <mailto:lukasz@langa.pl>`_. Multiple\nimprovements by `Markus Unterwaditzer <mailto:markus@unterwaditzer.net>`_,\n`Martijn Pieters <mailto:github.com@zopatista.com>`_,\n`Cooper Lees <mailto:me@cooperlees.com>`_, and `Ryan May <mailto:rmay31@gmail.com>`_.\n",
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