[](https://mendeleev.readthedocs.org)
[](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/mendeleev)
[](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
[](https://anaconda.org/conda-forge/mendeleev)
[](https://github.com/lmmentel/mendeleev/actions/workflows/main.yml)
[](https://pepy.tech/project/mendeleev)
[](https://zenodo.org/badge/latestdoi/204296088)
<!-- PROJECT LOGO -->
<br />
<p align="center">
<a href="https://github.com/lmmentel/mendeleev">
<img src="docs/source/_static/img/name_and_logo.png" alt="Logo" width="300">
</a>
<h3 align="center">Pythonic periodic table of elements</h3>
<p align="center">
A package with a convenient python API for accessing various properties
of elements, ions and isotopes in the periodic table of elements.
<br />
<br />
<a href="https://github.com/lmmentel/mendeleev/issues">Report Bug</a>
·
<a href="https://github.com/lmmentel/mendeleev/issues">Request Feature</a>
·
<a href="https://github.com/lmmentel/mendeleev/pulls">Submit a Pull Request</a>
</p>
</p>
> [!TIP]
> If you're looking for raw data behind ``mendeleev`` have a look at [mendeleev-data](https://github.com/lmmentel/mendeleev-data) repo.
>
> You can find **all data assets** in multiple formats:
> - csv,
> - html,
> - json,
> - sql,
> - markdown.
>
> All releases a tagged with the same version numbers as ``mendeeleev``.
<!-- TABLE OF CONTENTS -->
## Table of Contents
- [Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)
- [About the project](#about-the-project)
- [Interactive web app](#interactive-web-app)
- [Installation](#installation)
- [Documentation](#documentation)
- [Data](#data)
- [Basic properties](#basic-properties)
- [Standardized colors schemes](#standardized-colors-schemes)
- [Size related properties](#size-related-properties)
- [Electronegativity scales](#electronegativity-scales)
- [Descriptive properties](#descriptive-properties)
- [Physical properties](#physical-properties)
- [Computed properties](#computed-properties)
- [Isotope properties](#isotope-properties)
- [Getting started](#getting-started)
- [Lists of elements](#lists-of-elements)
- [Isotopes](#isotopes)
- [Accesing data tables and the database](#accesing-data-tables-and-the-database)
- [Command line interface utility](#command-line-interface-utility)
- [Contributing](#contributing)
- [Issues](#issues)
- [Pull requests](#pull-requests)
- [Implementations in other languages](#implementations-in-other-languages)
- [License](#license)
- [Citing](#citing)
- [Funding](#funding)
---
source: [https://github.com/lmmentel/mendeleev](https://github.com/lmmentel/mendeleev)
---
## About the project
This package provides a convenient python API for accessing various
properties of elements, ions and isotopes in the periodic table of
elements.
Moreover it provides an easy to use interface to
[pandas](http://pandas.pydata.org/) and convenient visualization
functionality through [bokeh](http://bokeh.pydata.org/en/latest/) that
enables you to create customized periodic tables displaying various
properties.
Django Extensions is free and always will be. It is development and maintained by developers in an Open Source manner. Any support is welcome. You could help by writing documentation, pull-requests, report issues and/or translations.
iodic trends in the periodic tables. If you want to
look at some examples there are a few
[tutorials](http://mendeleev.readthedocs.io/en/stable/tutorials.html)
available as [jupyter notebooks](http://jupyter.org/).
### Interactive web app
If you would like to explore the data available in
[mendeleev](http://mendeleev.readthedocs.org) check out the interactive
web app at [mendeleev.herokuapp.com](http://mendeleev.herokuapp.com/)
where you can create your own periodic tables and visualize the
relations between various properties of elements.
## Installation
The preferred installation method is with
[conda](https://conda.io/docs/intro.html) and you can install the package from
the [conda-forge Anaconda channel](https://anaconda.org/conda-forge/mendeleev)
channel by
``` {.sourceCode .bash}
conda install -c lmmentel mendeleev=0.20.1
```
The package can also be installed using
[pip](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pip)
``` {.sourceCode .bash}
pip install mendeleev
```
or [pipenv](https://pipenv.readthedocs.io/en/latest/)
``` {.sourceCode .bash}
pipenv install mendeleev
```
You can also install the most recent version from the repository:
``` {.sourceCode .bash}
pip install git+https://github.com/lmmentel/mendeleev.git
```
## Documentation
Full documentation is hosted on [Read the Docs](http://mendeleev.readthedocs.org/en/latest/).
There are also tutorials available as [Jupyter](https://jupyter.org/)
notebooks on [binder](https://mybinder.org/) where you can explore the examples interactively:
- [Quick start](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/lmmentel/mendeleev/master?filepath=docs%2Fsource%2Fnotebooks%2Fquick_start.ipynb)
- [Bulk data access](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/lmmentel/mendeleev/master?filepath=docs%2Fsource%2Fnotebooks%2Fbulk_data_access.ipynb)
- [Electronic Configuration](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/lmmentel/mendeleev/master?filepath=docs%2Fsource%2Fnotebooks%2Felectronic_configuration.ipynb)
- [Ions](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/lmmentel/mendeleev/master?filepath=docs%2Fsource%2Fnotebooks%2Fions.ipynb)
- [Visualizations](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/lmmentel/mendeleev/master?filepath=docs%2Fsource%2Fnotebooks%2Fvisualizations.ipynb)
- [Advanced visualizations](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/lmmentel/mendeleev/master?filepath=docs%2Fsource%2Fnotebooks%2Fadvanced_visualizations.ipynb)
## Data
A comprehensive list of the available data together with appropriate
references are available in the
[documentation](http://mendeleev.readthedocs.org). Here the most
important entries are listed:
### Basic properties
- atomic number
- atomic volume
- atomic weight
- block
- cas
- electrons
- electronic configuration
- group
- name
- neutrons
- mass number
- period
- protons
- series
- symbol
### Standardized colors schemes
- cpk\_color
- jmol\_color
- molcas\_gv\_color
### Size related properties
- atomic radius (Slater, Rahm)
- covalent radius (Bragg, Cordero, Pyykko)
- ionic radius
- metallic radius
- van der Waals radius (Alvarez, Batsanov, Bondi, Dreiding, MM3, RT,
Truhlar, UFF)
### Electronegativity scales
- Allen
- Allred & Rochow
- Cottrell & Sutton
- Ghosh
- Gordy
- Gunnarsson-Lundqvist
- Li & Xue
- Nagle
- Martynov & Batsanov
- Miedema
- Mulliken
- Pauling
- Robles-Bartolotti
- Sanderson
### Descriptive properties
- discoverers
- discovery location
- discovery year
- dipole year
- description
- name origin
- sources
- uses
### Physical properties
- boiling point
- C\<sub\>6\</sub\>
- critical temperature
- critical pressure
- density
- dipole polarizability
- electron affinity
- evaporation heat
- fusion heat
- gas basicity
- heat of formation
- ionization energies
- lattice constant
- lattice structure
- melting point
- oxidation states
- proton affinity
- specific heat capacity
- thermal conductivity
- triple point temperature
- triple point pressure
### Computed properties
- hardness
- softness
- electrophilicity
### Other properties
- abundance in the Earth's crust
- abundance in the sea
- geochemical class
- Glawe number
- Goldschmidt class
- InChI
- is monoisotopic
- is radioactive
- isotopes
- Mendeleev number
- NIST WebBook URL
- nuclear screening constants (Slater & Clementi)
### Isotope properties
- abundance
- abundance uncertainty
- discovery year
- g-factor
- g-factor uncertainty
- half life
- half life uncertainty
- radioactivity
- mass
- mass number
- parity
- quadrupole moment
- quadrupole moment uncertainty
- spin
## Getting started
The simplest way of accessing the element data is by importing elements
directly from the [mendeleev]{.title-ref} package by their symbols. For
example consider iron (Fe):
>>> from mendeleev import Fe
>>> Fe.name
'Iron'
>>> Fe.atomic_number
26
>>> Fe.thermal_conductivity
80.4
Another, more flexible way is through the `element` method that returns
the `Element` object:
>>> from mendeleev import element
The `element` method accepts unique identifiers: atomic number, atomic
symbol or element\'s name in English. To retrieve the entries on Silicon
by symbol type
``` {.sourceCode .python}
>>> si = element('Si')
>>> si.name
'Silicon'
```
Similarly to access the data by atomic number or element names type
``` {.sourceCode .python}
>>> al = element(13)
>>> al.name
'Aluminium'
>>> o = element('Oxygen')
>>> o.atomic_number
8
```
### Lists of elements
The `element` method also accepts list or tuple of identifiers and then
returns a list of `Element` objects
``` {.sourceCode .python}
>>> c, h, o = element(['C', 'Hydrogen', 8])
>>> c.name, h.name, o.name
('Carbon', 'Hydrogen', 'Oxygen')
```
#### Isotopes
The `isotopes` attribute returns a list of `Isotope` objects with the
following attributes per isotope
- `atomic_number`
- `mass`
- `abundance`
- `mass_number`
``` {.sourceCode .python}
>>> fe = element('Fe')
>>> for iso in fe.isotopes:
... print(iso)
26 55.93494 91.75% 56
26 56.93540 2.12% 57
26 57.93328 0.28% 58
26 53.93961 5.85% 54
```
The columns represent the attributes `atomic_number`, `mass`,
`abundance` and `mass_number` respectively.
### Accessing data tables and the database
[mendeleev](http://mendeleev.readthedocs.org) offers also methods for
accessing whole tables of data, e.g. table with the data on all isotopes
and methods for interacting directly with the database engine, for more
details see the [API
documentation](https://mendeleev.readthedocs.io/en/stable/code.html#accessing-data)
and [this
tutorial](https://mendeleev.readthedocs.io/en/stable/notebooks/02_tables.html).
### Command line interface utility
For those who work in the terminal there is a simple command line
interface (CLI) for printing the information about a given element. The
script name is [element.py]{.title-ref} and it accepts either the symbol
or name of the element or it\'s atomic number as an argument and prints
the data about it. For example, to print the properties of silicon type
``` {.sourceCode .bash}
$ element.py Si
_ _ _ _ _
_(_)(_)(_)(_)_ (_)
(_) (_)_ _
(_)_ _ _ _ (_)(_)
(_)(_)(_)(_)_ (_)
_ (_) (_)
(_)_ _ _ _(_)_ (_) _
(_)(_)(_)(_) (_)(_)(_)
Description
===========
Metalloid element belonging to group 14 of the periodic table. It is
the second most abundant element in the Earth's crust, making up 25.7%
of it by weight. Chemically less reactive than carbon. First
identified by Lavoisier in 1787 and first isolated in 1823 by
Berzelius.
Sources
=======
Makes up major portion of clay, granite, quartz (SiO2), and sand.
Commercial production depends on a reaction between sand (SiO2) and
carbon at a temperature of around 2200 °C.
Uses
====
Used in glass as silicon dioxide (SiO2). Silicon carbide (SiC) is one
of the hardest substances known and used in polishing. Also the
crystalline form is used in semiconductors.
Properties
==========
Abundance crust 282000
Abundance sea 2.2
Annotation
Atomic number 14
Atomic radius 132
Atomic radius rahm 232
Atomic volume 12.1
Atomic weight 28.085
Atomic weight uncertainty NaN
Block p
Boiling point 2628
C6 305
C6 gb 308
Cas 7440-21-3
Covalent radius bragg 117
Covalent radius cordero 111
Covalent radius pyykko 116
Covalent radius pyykko double 107
Covalent radius pyykko triple 102
Covalent radius slater 110
Cpk color #daa520
Density 2.33
Dipole polarizability 37.31
Discoverers Jöns Berzelius
Discovery location Sweden
Discovery year 1824
Electron affinity 1.38952
Electronic configuration [Ne] 3s2 3p2
En allen 11.33
En ghosh 0.178503
En pauling 1.9
Evaporation heat 383
Fusion heat 50.6
Gas basicity 814.1
Geochemical class major
Goldschmidt class litophile
Group id 14
Heat of formation 450
Is monoisotopic None
Is radioactive False
Jmol color #f0c8a0
Lattice constant 5.43
Lattice structure DIA
Melting point 1683
Metallic radius 117
Metallic radius c12 138
Molcas gv color #f0c8a0
Name Silicon
Name origin Latin: silex, silicus, (flint).
Period 3
Proton affinity 837
Series id 5
Specific heat 0.703
Symbol Si
Thermal conductivity 149
Vdw radius 210
Vdw radius alvarez 219
Vdw radius batsanov 210
Vdw radius bondi 210
Vdw radius dreiding 427
Vdw radius mm3 229
Vdw radius rt NaN
Vdw radius truhlar NaN
Vdw radius uff 429.5
```
## Contributing
`mendeleev` is free and always will be. It is developed and maintained by developers in an Open Source manner.
**Any contributions are welcome**. You could help by writing documentation, pull-requests, report issues or suggesting new features.
### [Issues](https://github.com/lmmentel/mendeleev/issues)
Feel free to submit [issues](https://github.com/lmmentel/mendeleev/issues) regarding:
- data updates and recommendations
- enhancement requests and new useful features
- code bugs
- data or citation inconsistencies or errors
### [Pull requests](https://github.com/lmmentel/mendeleev/pulls)
- before stating to work on your pull request please [submit an
issue](https://github.com/lmmentel/mendeleev/issues) first
- fork the repo on [github](https://github.com/lmmentel/mendeleev)
- clone the project to your own machine
- commit changes to your own branch
- push your work back up to your fork
- submit a [pull request](https://github.com/lmmentel/mendeleev/pulls)
so that your changes can be reviewed
## Implementations in other languages
Due to great work of other people there are alternative versions in different languages:
| Name | Language | Source | Documentation | Releases |
| ---- | -------- | ------ | ------------- | -------- |
| `mendeleev` |  | [gitlab](https://gitlab.com/ygor.souza/mendeleev) | [docs.rs/mendeleev](https://docs.rs/mendeleev/0.8.0) | [](https://crates.io/crates/mendeleev) |
| `Mendeleev.jl` |  | [github](https://github.com/Eben60/Mendeleev.jl) | [eben60.github.io/Mendeleev.jl/](https://eben60.github.io/Mendeleev.jl/) | |
## License
This package is released under the permissive MIT license, see [LICENSE](https://github.com/lmmentel/mendeleev/blob/master/LICENSE)
## Citing
If you use [mendeleev](http://mendeleev.readthedocs.org) in a scientific
publication, please consider citing the software as
> L. M. Mentel, *mendeleev* - A Python resource for properties of
chemical elements, ions and isotopes. , 2014\-- . Available at:
<https://github.com/lmmentel/mendeleev>.
Here\'s the reference in the
[BibLaTeX](https://www.ctan.org/pkg/biblatex?lang=en) format
``` {.sourceCode .latex}
@software{mendeleev2014,
author = {Mentel, Łukasz},
title = {{mendeleev} -- A Python resource for properties of chemical elements, ions and isotopes},
url = {https://github.com/lmmentel/mendeleev},
version = {0.20.1},
date = {2014--},
}
```
or the older [BibTeX](http://www.bibtex.org/) format
``` {.sourceCode .latex}
@misc{mendeleev2014,
auhor = {Mentel, Łukasz},
title = {mendeleev} -- A Python resource for properties of chemical elements, ions and isotopes, ver. 0.20.1},
howpublished = {\url{https://github.com/lmmentel/mendeleev}},
year = {2014--},
}
```
## Funding
This project was supported by the RCN (The Research Council of Norway)
project number 239193.
Raw data
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"name": "mendeleev",
"maintainer": "Lukasz Mentel",
"docs_url": null,
"requires_python": "<3.14,>=3.9",
"maintainer_email": "lmmentel@gmail.com",
"keywords": "periodic table, chemistry, elements, science",
"author": "Lukasz Mentel",
"author_email": "lmmentel@gmail.com",
"download_url": "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/00/4f/905cd79a190acda02fbb36e182d79e24a5800bd899cb1469ce9f106c0d43/mendeleev-0.20.1.tar.gz",
"platform": null,
"description": "[](https://mendeleev.readthedocs.org)\n[](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/mendeleev)\n[](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)\n[](https://anaconda.org/conda-forge/mendeleev)\n[](https://github.com/lmmentel/mendeleev/actions/workflows/main.yml)\n[](https://pepy.tech/project/mendeleev)\n[](https://zenodo.org/badge/latestdoi/204296088)\n\n\n<!-- PROJECT LOGO -->\n<br />\n<p align=\"center\">\n <a href=\"https://github.com/lmmentel/mendeleev\">\n <img src=\"docs/source/_static/img/name_and_logo.png\" alt=\"Logo\" width=\"300\">\n </a>\n\n <h3 align=\"center\">Pythonic periodic table of elements</h3>\n\n <p align=\"center\">\n A package with a convenient python API for accessing various properties\nof elements, ions and isotopes in the periodic table of elements.\n <br />\n <br />\n <a href=\"https://github.com/lmmentel/mendeleev/issues\">Report Bug</a>\n \u00b7\n <a href=\"https://github.com/lmmentel/mendeleev/issues\">Request Feature</a>\n \u00b7\n <a href=\"https://github.com/lmmentel/mendeleev/pulls\">Submit a Pull Request</a>\n </p>\n</p>\n\n\n> [!TIP]\n> If you're looking for raw data behind ``mendeleev`` have a look at [mendeleev-data](https://github.com/lmmentel/mendeleev-data) repo.\n> \n> You can find **all data assets** in multiple formats: \n> - csv, \n> - html,\n> - json, \n> - sql,\n> - markdown.\n>\n> All releases a tagged with the same version numbers as ``mendeeleev``.\n\n<!-- TABLE OF CONTENTS -->\n## Table of Contents\n\n- [Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)\n- [About the project](#about-the-project)\n - [Interactive web app](#interactive-web-app)\n- [Installation](#installation)\n- [Documentation](#documentation)\n- [Data](#data)\n - [Basic properties](#basic-properties)\n - [Standardized colors schemes](#standardized-colors-schemes)\n - [Size related properties](#size-related-properties)\n - [Electronegativity scales](#electronegativity-scales)\n - [Descriptive properties](#descriptive-properties)\n - [Physical properties](#physical-properties)\n - [Computed properties](#computed-properties)\n - [Isotope properties](#isotope-properties)\n- [Getting started](#getting-started)\n - [Lists of elements](#lists-of-elements)\n - [Isotopes](#isotopes)\n - [Accesing data tables and the database](#accesing-data-tables-and-the-database)\n - [Command line interface utility](#command-line-interface-utility)\n- [Contributing](#contributing)\n - [Issues](#issues)\n - [Pull requests](#pull-requests)\n- [Implementations in other languages](#implementations-in-other-languages) \n- [License](#license)\n- [Citing](#citing)\n- [Funding](#funding)\n\n---\n\nsource: [https://github.com/lmmentel/mendeleev](https://github.com/lmmentel/mendeleev)\n\n---\n\n## About the project\n\nThis package provides a convenient python API for accessing various\nproperties of elements, ions and isotopes in the periodic table of\nelements.\n\nMoreover it provides an easy to use interface to\n[pandas](http://pandas.pydata.org/) and convenient visualization\nfunctionality through [bokeh](http://bokeh.pydata.org/en/latest/) that\nenables you to create customized periodic tables displaying various\nproperties.\n\n\nDjango Extensions is free and always will be. It is development and maintained by developers in an Open Source manner. Any support is welcome. You could help by writing documentation, pull-requests, report issues and/or translations.\niodic trends in the periodic tables. If you want to\nlook at some examples there are a few\n[tutorials](http://mendeleev.readthedocs.io/en/stable/tutorials.html)\navailable as [jupyter notebooks](http://jupyter.org/).\n\n### Interactive web app\n\nIf you would like to explore the data available in\n[mendeleev](http://mendeleev.readthedocs.org) check out the interactive\nweb app at [mendeleev.herokuapp.com](http://mendeleev.herokuapp.com/)\nwhere you can create your own periodic tables and visualize the\nrelations between various properties of elements.\n\n\n\n\n\n## Installation\n\nThe preferred installation method is with\n[conda](https://conda.io/docs/intro.html) and you can install the package from\nthe [conda-forge Anaconda channel](https://anaconda.org/conda-forge/mendeleev)\nchannel by\n\n``` {.sourceCode .bash}\nconda install -c lmmentel mendeleev=0.20.1\n```\n\nThe package can also be installed using\n[pip](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pip)\n\n``` {.sourceCode .bash}\npip install mendeleev\n```\nor [pipenv](https://pipenv.readthedocs.io/en/latest/)\n\n``` {.sourceCode .bash}\npipenv install mendeleev\n```\n\nYou can also install the most recent version from the repository:\n\n``` {.sourceCode .bash}\npip install git+https://github.com/lmmentel/mendeleev.git\n```\n\n## Documentation\n\nFull documentation is hosted on [Read the Docs](http://mendeleev.readthedocs.org/en/latest/).\n\nThere are also tutorials available as [Jupyter](https://jupyter.org/)\nnotebooks on [binder](https://mybinder.org/) where you can explore the examples interactively:\n\n- [Quick start](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/lmmentel/mendeleev/master?filepath=docs%2Fsource%2Fnotebooks%2Fquick_start.ipynb)\n- [Bulk data access](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/lmmentel/mendeleev/master?filepath=docs%2Fsource%2Fnotebooks%2Fbulk_data_access.ipynb)\n- [Electronic Configuration](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/lmmentel/mendeleev/master?filepath=docs%2Fsource%2Fnotebooks%2Felectronic_configuration.ipynb)\n- [Ions](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/lmmentel/mendeleev/master?filepath=docs%2Fsource%2Fnotebooks%2Fions.ipynb)\n- [Visualizations](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/lmmentel/mendeleev/master?filepath=docs%2Fsource%2Fnotebooks%2Fvisualizations.ipynb)\n- [Advanced visualizations](https://mybinder.org/v2/gh/lmmentel/mendeleev/master?filepath=docs%2Fsource%2Fnotebooks%2Fadvanced_visualizations.ipynb)\n\n## Data\n\nA comprehensive list of the available data together with appropriate\nreferences are available in the\n[documentation](http://mendeleev.readthedocs.org). Here the most\nimportant entries are listed:\n\n### Basic properties\n\n- atomic number\n- atomic volume\n- atomic weight\n- block\n- cas\n- electrons\n- electronic configuration\n- group\n- name\n- neutrons\n- mass number\n- period\n- protons\n- series\n- symbol\n\n### Standardized colors schemes\n\n- cpk\\_color\n- jmol\\_color\n- molcas\\_gv\\_color\n\n### Size related properties\n\n- atomic radius (Slater, Rahm)\n- covalent radius (Bragg, Cordero, Pyykko)\n- ionic radius\n- metallic radius\n- van der Waals radius (Alvarez, Batsanov, Bondi, Dreiding, MM3, RT,\n Truhlar, UFF)\n\n### Electronegativity scales\n\n- Allen\n- Allred & Rochow\n- Cottrell & Sutton\n- Ghosh\n- Gordy\n- Gunnarsson-Lundqvist\n- Li & Xue\n- Nagle\n- Martynov & Batsanov\n- Miedema\n- Mulliken\n- Pauling\n- Robles-Bartolotti\n- Sanderson\n\n### Descriptive properties\n\n- discoverers\n- discovery location\n- discovery year\n- dipole year\n- description\n- name origin\n- sources\n- uses\n\n### Physical properties\n\n- boiling point\n- C\\<sub\\>6\\</sub\\>\n- critical temperature\n- critical pressure\n- density\n- dipole polarizability\n- electron affinity\n- evaporation heat\n- fusion heat\n- gas basicity\n- heat of formation\n- ionization energies\n- lattice constant\n- lattice structure\n- melting point\n- oxidation states\n- proton affinity\n- specific heat capacity\n- thermal conductivity\n- triple point temperature\n- triple point pressure\n\n### Computed properties\n\n- hardness\n- softness\n- electrophilicity\n\n### Other properties\n\n- abundance in the Earth's crust\n- abundance in the sea\n- geochemical class\n- Glawe number\n- Goldschmidt class\n- InChI\n- is monoisotopic\n- is radioactive\n- isotopes\n- Mendeleev number\n- NIST WebBook URL\n- nuclear screening constants (Slater & Clementi)\n\n### Isotope properties\n\n- abundance\n- abundance uncertainty\n- discovery year\n- g-factor\n- g-factor uncertainty\n- half life\n- half life uncertainty\n- radioactivity\n- mass\n- mass number\n- parity\n- quadrupole moment\n- quadrupole moment uncertainty\n- spin\n\n## Getting started\n\nThe simplest way of accessing the element data is by importing elements\ndirectly from the [mendeleev]{.title-ref} package by their symbols. For\nexample consider iron (Fe):\n\n >>> from mendeleev import Fe\n >>> Fe.name\n 'Iron'\n >>> Fe.atomic_number\n 26\n >>> Fe.thermal_conductivity\n 80.4\n\nAnother, more flexible way is through the `element` method that returns\nthe `Element` object:\n\n >>> from mendeleev import element\n\nThe `element` method accepts unique identifiers: atomic number, atomic\nsymbol or element\\'s name in English. To retrieve the entries on Silicon\nby symbol type\n\n``` {.sourceCode .python}\n>>> si = element('Si')\n>>> si.name\n'Silicon'\n```\n\nSimilarly to access the data by atomic number or element names type\n\n``` {.sourceCode .python}\n>>> al = element(13)\n>>> al.name\n'Aluminium'\n>>> o = element('Oxygen')\n>>> o.atomic_number\n8\n```\n\n### Lists of elements\n\nThe `element` method also accepts list or tuple of identifiers and then\nreturns a list of `Element` objects\n\n``` {.sourceCode .python}\n>>> c, h, o = element(['C', 'Hydrogen', 8])\n>>> c.name, h.name, o.name\n('Carbon', 'Hydrogen', 'Oxygen')\n```\n\n#### Isotopes\n\nThe `isotopes` attribute returns a list of `Isotope` objects with the\nfollowing attributes per isotope\n\n- `atomic_number`\n- `mass`\n- `abundance`\n- `mass_number`\n\n``` {.sourceCode .python}\n>>> fe = element('Fe')\n>>> for iso in fe.isotopes:\n... print(iso)\n 26 55.93494 91.75% 56\n 26 56.93540 2.12% 57\n 26 57.93328 0.28% 58\n 26 53.93961 5.85% 54\n```\n\nThe columns represent the attributes `atomic_number`, `mass`,\n`abundance` and `mass_number` respectively.\n\n### Accessing data tables and the database\n\n[mendeleev](http://mendeleev.readthedocs.org) offers also methods for\naccessing whole tables of data, e.g. table with the data on all isotopes\nand methods for interacting directly with the database engine, for more\ndetails see the [API\ndocumentation](https://mendeleev.readthedocs.io/en/stable/code.html#accessing-data)\nand [this\ntutorial](https://mendeleev.readthedocs.io/en/stable/notebooks/02_tables.html).\n\n### Command line interface utility\n\nFor those who work in the terminal there is a simple command line\ninterface (CLI) for printing the information about a given element. The\nscript name is [element.py]{.title-ref} and it accepts either the symbol\nor name of the element or it\\'s atomic number as an argument and prints\nthe data about it. For example, to print the properties of silicon type\n\n``` {.sourceCode .bash}\n$ element.py Si\n _ _ _ _ _\n _(_)(_)(_)(_)_ (_)\n (_) (_)_ _\n (_)_ _ _ _ (_)(_)\n (_)(_)(_)(_)_ (_)\n _ (_) (_)\n (_)_ _ _ _(_)_ (_) _\n (_)(_)(_)(_) (_)(_)(_)\n\n\n\nDescription\n===========\n\n Metalloid element belonging to group 14 of the periodic table. It is\n the second most abundant element in the Earth's crust, making up 25.7%\n of it by weight. Chemically less reactive than carbon. First\n identified by Lavoisier in 1787 and first isolated in 1823 by\n Berzelius.\n\nSources\n=======\n\n Makes up major portion of clay, granite, quartz (SiO2), and sand.\n Commercial production depends on a reaction between sand (SiO2) and\n carbon at a temperature of around 2200 \u00b0C.\n\nUses\n====\n\n Used in glass as silicon dioxide (SiO2). Silicon carbide (SiC) is one\n of the hardest substances known and used in polishing. Also the\n crystalline form is used in semiconductors.\n\nProperties\n==========\n\nAbundance crust 282000\nAbundance sea 2.2\nAnnotation\nAtomic number 14\nAtomic radius 132\nAtomic radius rahm 232\nAtomic volume 12.1\nAtomic weight 28.085\nAtomic weight uncertainty NaN\nBlock p\nBoiling point 2628\nC6 305\nC6 gb 308\nCas 7440-21-3\nCovalent radius bragg 117\nCovalent radius cordero 111\nCovalent radius pyykko 116\nCovalent radius pyykko double 107\nCovalent radius pyykko triple 102\nCovalent radius slater 110\nCpk color #daa520\nDensity 2.33\nDipole polarizability 37.31\nDiscoverers J\u00f6ns Berzelius\nDiscovery location Sweden\nDiscovery year 1824\nElectron affinity 1.38952\nElectronic configuration [Ne] 3s2 3p2\nEn allen 11.33\nEn ghosh 0.178503\nEn pauling 1.9\nEvaporation heat 383\nFusion heat 50.6\nGas basicity 814.1\nGeochemical class major\nGoldschmidt class litophile\nGroup id 14\nHeat of formation 450\nIs monoisotopic None\nIs radioactive False\nJmol color #f0c8a0\nLattice constant 5.43\nLattice structure DIA\nMelting point 1683\nMetallic radius 117\nMetallic radius c12 138\nMolcas gv color #f0c8a0\nName Silicon\nName origin Latin: silex, silicus, (flint).\nPeriod 3\nProton affinity 837\nSeries id 5\nSpecific heat 0.703\nSymbol Si\nThermal conductivity 149\nVdw radius 210\nVdw radius alvarez 219\nVdw radius batsanov 210\nVdw radius bondi 210\nVdw radius dreiding 427\nVdw radius mm3 229\nVdw radius rt NaN\nVdw radius truhlar NaN\nVdw radius uff 429.5\n```\n\n## Contributing\n\n`mendeleev` is free and always will be. It is developed and maintained by developers in an Open Source manner.\n**Any contributions are welcome**. You could help by writing documentation, pull-requests, report issues or suggesting new features.\n\n### [Issues](https://github.com/lmmentel/mendeleev/issues)\n\nFeel free to submit [issues](https://github.com/lmmentel/mendeleev/issues) regarding:\n\n- data updates and recommendations\n- enhancement requests and new useful features\n- code bugs\n- data or citation inconsistencies or errors\n\n### [Pull requests](https://github.com/lmmentel/mendeleev/pulls)\n\n- before stating to work on your pull request please [submit an\n issue](https://github.com/lmmentel/mendeleev/issues) first\n- fork the repo on [github](https://github.com/lmmentel/mendeleev)\n- clone the project to your own machine\n- commit changes to your own branch\n- push your work back up to your fork\n- submit a [pull request](https://github.com/lmmentel/mendeleev/pulls)\n so that your changes can be reviewed\n\n## Implementations in other languages\n\nDue to great work of other people there are alternative versions in different languages:\n\n| Name | Language | Source | Documentation | Releases |\n| ---- | -------- | ------ | ------------- | -------- |\n| `mendeleev` |  | [gitlab](https://gitlab.com/ygor.souza/mendeleev) | [docs.rs/mendeleev](https://docs.rs/mendeleev/0.8.0) | [](https://crates.io/crates/mendeleev) |\n| `Mendeleev.jl` |  | [github](https://github.com/Eben60/Mendeleev.jl) | [eben60.github.io/Mendeleev.jl/](https://eben60.github.io/Mendeleev.jl/) | |\n\n\n\n## License\n\nThis package is released under the permissive MIT license, see [LICENSE](https://github.com/lmmentel/mendeleev/blob/master/LICENSE)\n\n## Citing\n\nIf you use [mendeleev](http://mendeleev.readthedocs.org) in a scientific\npublication, please consider citing the software as\n\n> L. M. Mentel, *mendeleev* - A Python resource for properties of\n chemical elements, ions and isotopes. , 2014\\-- . Available at:\n <https://github.com/lmmentel/mendeleev>.\n\nHere\\'s the reference in the\n[BibLaTeX](https://www.ctan.org/pkg/biblatex?lang=en) format\n\n``` {.sourceCode .latex}\n@software{mendeleev2014,\n author = {Mentel, \u0141ukasz},\n title = {{mendeleev} -- A Python resource for properties of chemical elements, ions and isotopes},\n url = {https://github.com/lmmentel/mendeleev},\n version = {0.20.1},\n date = {2014--},\n}\n```\n\nor the older [BibTeX](http://www.bibtex.org/) format\n\n``` {.sourceCode .latex}\n@misc{mendeleev2014,\n auhor = {Mentel, \u0141ukasz},\n title = {mendeleev} -- A Python resource for properties of chemical elements, ions and isotopes, ver. 0.20.1},\n howpublished = {\\url{https://github.com/lmmentel/mendeleev}},\n year = {2014--},\n}\n```\n\n## Funding\n\nThis project was supported by the RCN (The Research Council of Norway)\nproject number 239193.\n\n",
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