# Outreach project utility: Speed of light
* [Experimental setup](#experimental-setup)
* [Example screenshots](#example-screenshots)
* [Running the embedded DAQ simulation](#running-the-embedded-daq-simulation)
* [Example run in the lab](#example-run-in-the-lab)
* [Configuration files](#configuration-files)
* [daq.conf](#daqconf)
* [gui.conf](#guiconf)
* [highscore.conf](#highscoreconf)
* [Exhibitions and Events](#exhibitions-and-events)
* [Wiener Forschungsfest 2022 (9. - 11. September 2022)](#wiener-forschungsfest-2022-9---11-september-2022)
This is the frontend to the _speed of light_ outreach project. This project
has been developed to measure the speed of light similar to the idea
that Hippolyte Fizeau developed in 1848. In contrast to his experiment
in this case a little cheat is used - a bicycle works as chopper to produce
a sharp difference in light intensity of a laser source. The light travels
through two arms of the experiment - one being only a few meters away from
the chopper, the other being about hundred meters away. The signal of both
pulses is recorded on photodiodes and sampled by a fast oscilloscope (this
is where the cheating comes in - we have a definition of time and fast direct
sampling).
Since this project has been developed to increase the interest in science
and let people participate actively during exhibitions it's by no way a
precision measurement - it's more of a (working) experiment that people
can look at, play with and grasp the idea of light traveling at finite speeds.
This application:
* Gathers data from the oscilloscope
* Visualizes the samples
* Calculates a cross correlation of the symmetrized periodicalized recorded
function
* Estimates the speed of light from this correlation function by doing
a simple peak search
* Does averaging over the estimated speed of light and visualized this.
## Experimental setup
The experimental setup consists of two basic parts:
* A chopper assembly - where a bicycle is used (or any other kind of chopper)
* A beam splitter and photodiode assembly as well as a long beam line
## Setup
Installation can be done via the ```PyPi``` package:
```
pip install outreachspeedoflight-tspspi
```
This also installs the ```outreachspeedoflightgui``` script / executable that
can then directly be executed using
```
outreachspeedoflightgui
```
To upgrade an older installation one can also directly use ```pip```:
```
pip install --upgrade outreachspeedoflight-tspspi
```
# Example screenshots
## Running the embedded DAQ simulation
## Example run in the lab
# Configuration files
## daq.conf
The data acquisition module configures the communication with the MSO5000 oscilloscope.
Example configuration:
```
{
"osci" : {
"ip" : "10.0.0.196",
"port" : 5555,
"sperdiv" : 1e-6,
"trigch" : 1,
"triglvl" : 0.5,
"ch1" : {
"offset" : -1.48,
"scale" : 0.5
},
"ch2" : {
"offset" : -0.920,
"scale" : 0.5
},
"maxqueryrate" : 0.5
},
"chopper" : {
"diameter" : 68e-2
},
"path" : {
"length" : 144,
"n" : 1.0
},
"loglevel" : "debug",
"mode" : "continuous"
}
```
The ```osci``` section configured the MSO5000 oscilloscope:
* Connectivity:
* The ```ip``` field can be either the IP or hostname as string
* ```port``` is optional and defaults to ```5555```
* Optional _Horizontal axis_ (time) configuration:
* ```sperdiv``` specifies the seconds per division on the horizontal axis.
This has to be a value supported by the oscilloscope
* Optional _Trigger_ configuration:
* ```trigch``` selects a channel (1 or 2) for the trigger to act on
* ```triglvl``` selects the trigger level in volts.
* Optional channel configuration ```ch1``` and ```ch2```:
* One can specify an ```offset``` in volts
* and a ```scale``` specified in _volts per division_ that has to be
a supported value by the oscilloscope
* A optional maximum query rate in Hz (i.e. queries per second) that can
be used to limit the amount of queries to the oscilloscope since at some
point it won't update it's own local display anymore due to prioritization
of network queries. When not specified the application queries as fast
as possible.
The ```chopper``` section configures the chopper that is used. For our
experimental setup this can be a bicycle or a simple wooden wheel:
* ```diameter``` configures the diameter of the wheel in meters. This is only
used for velocity calculation from trigger rate assuming that only one trigger
is issued per cycle.
An important configuration is the ```path```. This describes the free path
the light pulse is traveling through. One can describe the ```length``` in
meters and the refractive index ```n``` (1 for air or vacuum or about 1.4 for
glass fibers)
At last one can select between two modes of operation using the ```mode```
parameter:
* ```triggered``` uses the scope in single trigger mode and re-arms when ready to
gather more data. This ensures that both channels correspond to the same
event but looks less real time on the oscilloscopes local display.
* ```continuous``` continuously samples on the scope and queries data as fast
as possible.
## gui.conf
Example configuration:
```
{
"lang" : "de",
"loglevel" : "debug",
"lastsamples" : 24,
"averagecount" : 4,
"plotsize" : {
"x" : 550,
"y" : 430
},
"mainwindowsize" : {
"x" : 2560,
"y" : 1500
},
"difffit" : {
"enable" : "true",
"primary" : "false",
"dump" : "true"
},
"movingaverage" : 48,
"textfontsize" : 23
}
```
The user interface can be configured using ```gui.conf```. This allows one to configure
some analysis parameters:
* The number of last measurements to be shown using ```lastsamples```
* The number of measurements to include in rolling average ```averagecount```
* A optional fit of a Gaussian function into the difference signal (that can
also be used instead of the autocorrelation function to detect the time delay).
This is done in the ```difffit``` dictionary:
* ```enable``` is set to the strings ```"true"``` or ```"false"```. When set
to true fitting is enabled. Keep in mind this is numerically more demanding
than the other methods
* ```primary``` can be either ```"true"``` or ```"false"```. If set to true
the FWHM of the fit is used as measure for time delay of the signals and thus
to calculate the speed of light. When set to ```"false"``` the fit is only plotted
and the speed is still calculated using the cross correlation of both signals
* ```dump``` is set to ```"true"``` to dump fitting result and parameters
to the standard output (for debugging purposes)
* To handle noisy signals on the photodiodes ```movingaverage``` can be set to any integer
value larger than 0 (or to 0 to disable the feature). It applies a moving average
filter of the specified number of samples - and thus applies a low pass filter
to the signal.
* ```textfontsize``` allows one to tune the size of text fields on the user interface to
match the display size
In addition one can directly configure some layout parameters:
* ```plotsize``` with ```x``` and ```y``` parameters directly scales all plots
* ```mainwindowsize``` with ```x``` and ```y``` parameters scales the main window
as initially created.
Note that invalid setting of those parameters might clip some graphs or cause
some strange behavior of the user interface.
## highscore.conf
The highscore window can be configured using the ```highscore.conf``` configuration file.
Example configuration:
```
{
"loglevel" : "debug",
"highscorefile" : "/tmp/highscore.dat",
"mainwindowsize" : {
"x" : 1920,
"y" : 1500
},
"tablesize" : {
"x" : 1350,
"y" : 250
},
"lang" : "de"
}
```
# Exhibitions and Events
## Wiener Forschungsfest 2022 (9. - 11. September 2022)
The [Wiener Forschungfest 2022](https://wirtschaftsagentur.at/forschungsfest/) that had
been organized by the [Wirtschaftsagentur Wien](https://wirtschaftsagentur.at/) has been
the first time our setup has been displayed. The event took place in
Wiener Rathaus from 9. to 11. September 2022 and targeted mainly children at an
age of 8 years or older and should focus on participation (thus the idea to use
a bike as chopper) as well as showing possible carreer options in various areas of
science. The beamline was 144m long (72 meters from one side of the city hall to
the other) and passed over the heads of the people. Alignment and stability
has been a little bit of a challenge due to instabilities of wooden floor but
the setup turned out to be pretty accurate (at sub percent levels).
The telescope setup had been pretty simple - fiber coupler, non polarizing 50:50
beamsplitter cube, some mirrors to allow beam walking and alignment, one telescope
lens assembly and one focus lens.
Raw data
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"description": "# Outreach project utility: Speed of light\n\n* [Experimental setup](#experimental-setup)\n* [Example screenshots](#example-screenshots)\n * [Running the embedded DAQ simulation](#running-the-embedded-daq-simulation)\n * [Example run in the lab](#example-run-in-the-lab)\n* [Configuration files](#configuration-files)\n * [daq.conf](#daqconf)\n * [gui.conf](#guiconf)\n * [highscore.conf](#highscoreconf)\n* [Exhibitions and Events](#exhibitions-and-events)\n * [Wiener Forschungsfest 2022 (9. - 11. September 2022)](#wiener-forschungsfest-2022-9---11-september-2022)\n\nThis is the frontend to the _speed of light_ outreach project. This project\nhas been developed to measure the speed of light similar to the idea\nthat Hippolyte Fizeau developed in 1848. In contrast to his experiment\nin this case a little cheat is used - a bicycle works as chopper to produce\na sharp difference in light intensity of a laser source. The light travels\nthrough two arms of the experiment - one being only a few meters away from\nthe chopper, the other being about hundred meters away. The signal of both\npulses is recorded on photodiodes and sampled by a fast oscilloscope (this\nis where the cheating comes in - we have a definition of time and fast direct\nsampling).\n\nSince this project has been developed to increase the interest in science\nand let people participate actively during exhibitions it's by no way a\nprecision measurement - it's more of a (working) experiment that people\ncan look at, play with and grasp the idea of light traveling at finite speeds.\n\nThis application:\n\n* Gathers data from the oscilloscope\n* Visualizes the samples\n* Calculates a cross correlation of the symmetrized periodicalized recorded\n function\n* Estimates the speed of light from this correlation function by doing\n a simple peak search\n* Does averaging over the estimated speed of light and visualized this.\n\n## Experimental setup\n\nThe experimental setup consists of two basic parts:\n\n* A chopper assembly - where a bicycle is used (or any other kind of chopper)\n* A beam splitter and photodiode assembly as well as a long beam line\n\n\n\n\n\n## Setup\n\nInstallation can be done via the ```PyPi``` package:\n\n```\npip install outreachspeedoflight-tspspi\n```\n\nThis also installs the ```outreachspeedoflightgui``` script / executable that\ncan then directly be executed using\n\n```\noutreachspeedoflightgui\n```\n\nTo upgrade an older installation one can also directly use ```pip```:\n\n```\npip install --upgrade outreachspeedoflight-tspspi\n```\n\n# Example screenshots\n\n## Running the embedded DAQ simulation\n\n\n\n## Example run in the lab\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n# Configuration files\n\n## daq.conf\n\nThe data acquisition module configures the communication with the MSO5000 oscilloscope.\n\nExample configuration:\n\n```\n{\n\t\"osci\" : {\n\t\t\"ip\" : \"10.0.0.196\",\n\t\t\"port\" : 5555,\n\t\t\"sperdiv\" : 1e-6,\n\t\t\"trigch\" : 1,\n\t\t\"triglvl\" : 0.5,\n\t\t\"ch1\" : {\n\t\t\t\"offset\" : -1.48,\n\t\t\t\"scale\" : 0.5\n\t\t},\n\t\t\"ch2\" : {\n\t\t\t\"offset\" : -0.920,\n\t\t\t\"scale\" : 0.5\n\t\t},\n\t\t\"maxqueryrate\" : 0.5\n\t},\n\t\"chopper\" : {\n\t\t\"diameter\" : 68e-2\n\t},\n\t\"path\" : {\n\t\t\"length\" : 144,\n\t\t\"n\" : 1.0\n\t},\n\t\"loglevel\" : \"debug\",\n\t\"mode\" : \"continuous\"\n}\n```\n\nThe ```osci``` section configured the MSO5000 oscilloscope:\n\n* Connectivity:\n * The ```ip``` field can be either the IP or hostname as string\n * ```port``` is optional and defaults to ```5555```\n* Optional _Horizontal axis_ (time) configuration:\n * ```sperdiv``` specifies the seconds per division on the horizontal axis.\n This has to be a value supported by the oscilloscope\n* Optional _Trigger_ configuration:\n * ```trigch``` selects a channel (1 or 2) for the trigger to act on\n * ```triglvl``` selects the trigger level in volts.\n* Optional channel configuration ```ch1``` and ```ch2```:\n * One can specify an ```offset``` in volts\n * and a ```scale``` specified in _volts per division_ that has to be\n a supported value by the oscilloscope\n* A optional maximum query rate in Hz (i.e. queries per second) that can\n be used to limit the amount of queries to the oscilloscope since at some\n point it won't update it's own local display anymore due to prioritization\n of network queries. When not specified the application queries as fast\n as possible.\n\nThe ```chopper``` section configures the chopper that is used. For our\nexperimental setup this can be a bicycle or a simple wooden wheel:\n\n* ```diameter``` configures the diameter of the wheel in meters. This is only\n used for velocity calculation from trigger rate assuming that only one trigger\n is issued per cycle.\n\nAn important configuration is the ```path```. This describes the free path\nthe light pulse is traveling through. One can describe the ```length``` in\nmeters and the refractive index ```n``` (1 for air or vacuum or about 1.4 for\nglass fibers)\n\nAt last one can select between two modes of operation using the ```mode```\nparameter:\n\n* ```triggered``` uses the scope in single trigger mode and re-arms when ready to\n gather more data. This ensures that both channels correspond to the same\n event but looks less real time on the oscilloscopes local display.\n* ```continuous``` continuously samples on the scope and queries data as fast\n as possible.\n\n## gui.conf\n\nExample configuration:\n\n```\n{\n\t\"lang\" : \"de\",\n\t\"loglevel\" : \"debug\",\n\t\"lastsamples\" : 24,\n\t\"averagecount\" : 4,\n\t\"plotsize\" : {\n\t\t\"x\" : 550,\n\t\t\"y\" : 430\n\t},\n\t\"mainwindowsize\" : {\n\t\t\"x\" : 2560,\n\t\t\"y\" : 1500\n\t},\n\t\"difffit\" : {\n\t\t\"enable\" : \"true\",\n\t\t\"primary\" : \"false\",\n\t\t\"dump\" : \"true\"\n\t},\n\t\"movingaverage\" : 48,\n\t\"textfontsize\" : 23\n}\n```\n\nThe user interface can be configured using ```gui.conf```. This allows one to configure\nsome analysis parameters:\n\n* The number of last measurements to be shown using ```lastsamples```\n* The number of measurements to include in rolling average ```averagecount```\n* A optional fit of a Gaussian function into the difference signal (that can\n also be used instead of the autocorrelation function to detect the time delay).\n This is done in the ```difffit``` dictionary:\n * ```enable``` is set to the strings ```\"true\"``` or ```\"false\"```. When set\n to true fitting is enabled. Keep in mind this is numerically more demanding\n\t than the other methods\n * ```primary``` can be either ```\"true\"``` or ```\"false\"```. If set to true\n the FWHM of the fit is used as measure for time delay of the signals and thus\n\t to calculate the speed of light. When set to ```\"false\"``` the fit is only plotted\n\t and the speed is still calculated using the cross correlation of both signals\n * ```dump``` is set to ```\"true\"``` to dump fitting result and parameters\n to the standard output (for debugging purposes)\n* To handle noisy signals on the photodiodes ```movingaverage``` can be set to any integer\n value larger than 0 (or to 0 to disable the feature). It applies a moving average\n filter of the specified number of samples - and thus applies a low pass filter\n to the signal.\n* ```textfontsize``` allows one to tune the size of text fields on the user interface to\n match the display size\n\nIn addition one can directly configure some layout parameters:\n\n* ```plotsize``` with ```x``` and ```y``` parameters directly scales all plots\n* ```mainwindowsize``` with ```x``` and ```y``` parameters scales the main window\n as initially created.\n\nNote that invalid setting of those parameters might clip some graphs or cause\nsome strange behavior of the user interface.\n\n## highscore.conf\n\nThe highscore window can be configured using the ```highscore.conf``` configuration file.\n\nExample configuration:\n\n```\n{\n\t\"loglevel\" : \"debug\",\n\t\"highscorefile\" : \"/tmp/highscore.dat\",\n\t\"mainwindowsize\" : {\n\t\t\"x\" : 1920,\n\t\t\"y\" : 1500\n\t},\n\t\"tablesize\" : {\n\t\t\"x\" : 1350,\n\t\t\"y\" : 250\n\t},\n\t\"lang\" : \"de\"\n}\n```\n\n# Exhibitions and Events\n\n## Wiener Forschungsfest 2022 (9. - 11. September 2022)\n\n\n\nThe [Wiener Forschungfest 2022](https://wirtschaftsagentur.at/forschungsfest/) that had\nbeen organized by the [Wirtschaftsagentur Wien](https://wirtschaftsagentur.at/) has been\nthe first time our setup has been displayed. The event took place in\nWiener Rathaus from 9. to 11. September 2022 and targeted mainly children at an\nage of 8 years or older and should focus on participation (thus the idea to use\na bike as chopper) as well as showing possible carreer options in various areas of\nscience. The beamline was 144m long (72 meters from one side of the city hall to\nthe other) and passed over the heads of the people. Alignment and stability\nhas been a little bit of a challenge due to instabilities of wooden floor but\nthe setup turned out to be pretty accurate (at sub percent levels).\n\n\n\n\n\nThe telescope setup had been pretty simple - fiber coupler, non polarizing 50:50\nbeamsplitter cube, some mirrors to allow beam walking and alignment, one telescope\nlens assembly and one focus lens.\n\n\n",
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