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Overview
========
Pluginlib makes creating plugins for your project simple.
Features
--------
- Plugins are validated when they are imported
- Plugins can be loaded through different mechanisms (modules, filesystem paths, `entry points`_)
- Multiple versions_ of the same plugin are supported (The newest one is used by default)
- Plugins can be `blacklisted`_ by type, name, or version
- Multiple `plugin groups`_ are supported so one program can use multiple sets of plugins that won't conflict
- Plugins support `conditional loading`_ (examples: os, version, installed software, etc)
- Once loaded, plugins can be accessed_ through dictionary or dot notation
Installation
============
PIP
---
.. code-block:: console
$ pip install pluginlib
Fedora and EL (RHEL/CentOS/Rocky/Alma)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
(EPEL_ repositories must be configured_ for EL8)
.. code-block:: console
$ dnf install python3-pluginlib
EL7 (RHEL/CentOS)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
(EPEL_ repositories must be configured_)
.. code-block:: console
$ yum install python2-pluginlib
$ yum install python36-pluginlib
Usage
=====
Step 1: Define plugin parent classes
------------------------------------
All plugins are subclasses of parent classes. To create a parent class, use the
`@Parent`_ decorator.
The `@Parent`_ decorator can take a plugin type for accessing child plugins
of the parent. If a plugin type isn't given, the class name will be used.
The `@Parent`_ decorator can also take a ``group`` keyword which
restricts plugins to a specific plugin group. ``group`` should be specified if plugins for
different projects could be accessed in an single program, such as with libraries and frameworks.
For more information, see the `Plugin Groups`_ section.
Methods required in child plugins should be labeled as abstract methods.
Plugins without these methods or with parameters
that don't match, will not be loaded.
For more information, see the `Abstract Methods`_ section.
.. code-block:: python
"""
sample.py
"""
import pluginlib
@pluginlib.Parent('parser')
class Parser(object):
@pluginlib.abstractmethod
def parse(self, string):
pass
Step 2: Define plugin classes
-----------------------------
To create a plugin, subclass a parent class and include any required methods.
Plugins can be customized through optional class attributes:
`_alias_`_
Changes the name of the plugin which defaults to the class name.
`_version_`_
Sets the version of the plugin. Defaults to the module ``__version__`` or ``None``
If multiple plugins with the same type and name are loaded, the plugin with
the highest version is used. For more information, see the Versions_ section.
`_skipload_`_
Specifies the plugin should not be loaded. This is useful when a plugin is a parent class
for additional plugins or when a plugin should only be loaded under certain conditions.
For more information see the `Conditional Loading`_ section.
.. code-block:: python
"""
sample_plugins.py
"""
import json
import sample
class JSON(sample.Parser):
_alias_ = 'json'
def parse(self, string):
return json.loads(string)
Step 3: Load plugins
--------------------
Plugins are loaded when the module they are in is imported. PluginLoader_
will load modules from specified locations and provides access to them.
PluginLoader_ can load plugins from several locations.
- A program's standard library
- `Entry points`_
- A list of modules
- A list of filesystem paths
Plugins can also be filtered through blacklists and type filters.
See the Blacklists_ and `Type Filters`_ sections for more information.
Plugins are accessible through the PluginLoader.plugins_ property,
a nested dictionary accessible through dot notation. For other ways to access plugins,
see the `Accessing Plugins`_ section.
.. code-block:: python
import pluginlib
import sample
loader = pluginlib.PluginLoader(modules=['sample_plugins'])
plugins = loader.plugins
parser = plugins.parser.json()
print(parser.parse('{"json": "test"}'))
.. _Entry points: https://packaging.python.org/specifications/entry-points/
.. _PluginLoader: http://pluginlib.readthedocs.io/en/stable/api.html#pluginlib.PluginLoader
.. _PluginLoader.plugins: http://pluginlib.readthedocs.io/en/stable/api.html#pluginlib.PluginLoader.plugins
.. _@Parent: http://pluginlib.readthedocs.io/en/stable/api.html#pluginlib.Parent
.. _\_alias\_: http://pluginlib.readthedocs.io/en/stable/api.html#pluginlib.Plugin._alias_
.. _\_version\_: http://pluginlib.readthedocs.io/en/stable/api.html#pluginlib.Plugin._version_
.. _\_skipload\_: http://pluginlib.readthedocs.io/en/stable/api.html#pluginlib.Plugin._skipload_
.. _Versions: http://pluginlib.readthedocs.io/en/stable/concepts.html#versions
.. _Blacklists: http://pluginlib.readthedocs.io/en/stable/concepts.html#blacklists
.. _blacklisted: http://pluginlib.readthedocs.io/en/stable/concepts.html#blacklists
.. _Type Filters: http://pluginlib.readthedocs.io/en/stable/concepts.html#type-filters
.. _Accessing Plugins: http://pluginlib.readthedocs.io/en/stable/concepts.html#accessing-plugins
.. _accessed: http://pluginlib.readthedocs.io/en/stable/concepts.html#accessing-plugins
.. _Abstract Methods: http://pluginlib.readthedocs.io/en/stable/concepts.html#abstract-methods
.. _Conditional Loading: http://pluginlib.readthedocs.io/en/stable/concepts.html#conditional-loading
.. _Plugin Groups: http://pluginlib.readthedocs.io/en/stable/concepts.html#plugin-groups
.. _EPEL: https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/EPEL
.. _configured: https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/epel/#how_can_i_use_these_extra_packages
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