Responses
=========
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A utility library for mocking out the ``requests`` Python library.
.. note::
Responses requires Python 3.8 or newer, and requests >= 2.30.0
Table of Contents
-----------------
.. contents::
Installing
----------
``pip install responses``
Deprecations and Migration Path
-------------------------------
Here you will find a list of deprecated functionality and a migration path for each.
Please ensure to update your code according to the guidance.
.. list-table:: Deprecation and Migration
:widths: 50 25 50
:header-rows: 1
* - Deprecated Functionality
- Deprecated in Version
- Migration Path
* - ``responses.json_params_matcher``
- 0.14.0
- ``responses.matchers.json_params_matcher``
* - ``responses.urlencoded_params_matcher``
- 0.14.0
- ``responses.matchers.urlencoded_params_matcher``
* - ``stream`` argument in ``Response`` and ``CallbackResponse``
- 0.15.0
- Use ``stream`` argument in request directly.
* - ``match_querystring`` argument in ``Response`` and ``CallbackResponse``.
- 0.17.0
- Use ``responses.matchers.query_param_matcher`` or ``responses.matchers.query_string_matcher``
* - ``responses.assert_all_requests_are_fired``, ``responses.passthru_prefixes``, ``responses.target``
- 0.20.0
- Use ``responses.mock.assert_all_requests_are_fired``,
``responses.mock.passthru_prefixes``, ``responses.mock.target`` instead.
BETA Features
-------------
Below you can find a list of BETA features. Although we will try to keep the API backwards compatible
with released version, we reserve the right to change these APIs before they are considered stable. Please share your feedback via
`GitHub Issues <https://github.com/getsentry/responses/issues>`_.
Record Responses to files
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
You can perform real requests to the server and ``responses`` will automatically record the output to the
file. Recorded data is stored in `YAML <https://yaml.org>`_ format.
Apply ``@responses._recorder.record(file_path="out.yaml")`` decorator to any function where you perform
requests to record responses to ``out.yaml`` file.
Following code
.. code-block:: python
import requests
from responses import _recorder
def another():
rsp = requests.get("https://httpstat.us/500")
rsp = requests.get("https://httpstat.us/202")
@_recorder.record(file_path="out.yaml")
def test_recorder():
rsp = requests.get("https://httpstat.us/404")
rsp = requests.get("https://httpbin.org/status/wrong")
another()
will produce next output:
.. code-block:: yaml
responses:
- response:
auto_calculate_content_length: false
body: 404 Not Found
content_type: text/plain
method: GET
status: 404
url: https://httpstat.us/404
- response:
auto_calculate_content_length: false
body: Invalid status code
content_type: text/plain
method: GET
status: 400
url: https://httpbin.org/status/wrong
- response:
auto_calculate_content_length: false
body: 500 Internal Server Error
content_type: text/plain
method: GET
status: 500
url: https://httpstat.us/500
- response:
auto_calculate_content_length: false
body: 202 Accepted
content_type: text/plain
method: GET
status: 202
url: https://httpstat.us/202
Replay responses (populate registry) from files
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
You can populate your active registry from a ``yaml`` file with recorded responses.
(See `Record Responses to files`_ to understand how to obtain a file).
To do that you need to execute ``responses._add_from_file(file_path="out.yaml")`` within
an activated decorator or a context manager.
The following code example registers a ``patch`` response, then all responses present in
``out.yaml`` file and a ``post`` response at the end.
.. code-block:: python
import responses
@responses.activate
def run():
responses.patch("http://httpbin.org")
responses._add_from_file(file_path="out.yaml")
responses.post("http://httpbin.org/form")
run()
Basics
------
The core of ``responses`` comes from registering mock responses and covering test function
with ``responses.activate`` decorator. ``responses`` provides similar interface as ``requests``.
Main Interface
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
* responses.add(``Response`` or ``Response args``) - allows either to register ``Response`` object or directly
provide arguments of ``Response`` object. See `Response Parameters`_
.. code-block:: python
import responses
import requests
@responses.activate
def test_simple():
# Register via 'Response' object
rsp1 = responses.Response(
method="PUT",
url="http://example.com",
)
responses.add(rsp1)
# register via direct arguments
responses.add(
responses.GET,
"http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar",
json={"error": "not found"},
status=404,
)
resp = requests.get("http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar")
resp2 = requests.put("http://example.com")
assert resp.json() == {"error": "not found"}
assert resp.status_code == 404
assert resp2.status_code == 200
assert resp2.request.method == "PUT"
If you attempt to fetch a url which doesn't hit a match, ``responses`` will raise
a ``ConnectionError``:
.. code-block:: python
import responses
import requests
from requests.exceptions import ConnectionError
@responses.activate
def test_simple():
with pytest.raises(ConnectionError):
requests.get("http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar")
Shortcuts
^^^^^^^^^
Shortcuts provide a shorten version of ``responses.add()`` where method argument is prefilled
* responses.delete(``Response args``) - register DELETE response
* responses.get(``Response args``) - register GET response
* responses.head(``Response args``) - register HEAD response
* responses.options(``Response args``) - register OPTIONS response
* responses.patch(``Response args``) - register PATCH response
* responses.post(``Response args``) - register POST response
* responses.put(``Response args``) - register PUT response
.. code-block:: python
import responses
import requests
@responses.activate
def test_simple():
responses.get(
"http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar",
json={"type": "get"},
)
responses.post(
"http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar",
json={"type": "post"},
)
responses.patch(
"http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar",
json={"type": "patch"},
)
resp_get = requests.get("http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar")
resp_post = requests.post("http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar")
resp_patch = requests.patch("http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar")
assert resp_get.json() == {"type": "get"}
assert resp_post.json() == {"type": "post"}
assert resp_patch.json() == {"type": "patch"}
Responses as a context manager
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Instead of wrapping the whole function with decorator you can use a context manager.
.. code-block:: python
import responses
import requests
def test_my_api():
with responses.RequestsMock() as rsps:
rsps.add(
responses.GET,
"http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar",
body="{}",
status=200,
content_type="application/json",
)
resp = requests.get("http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar")
assert resp.status_code == 200
# outside the context manager requests will hit the remote server
resp = requests.get("http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar")
resp.status_code == 404
Response Parameters
-------------------
The following attributes can be passed to a Response mock:
method (``str``)
The HTTP method (GET, POST, etc).
url (``str`` or ``compiled regular expression``)
The full resource URL.
match_querystring (``bool``)
DEPRECATED: Use ``responses.matchers.query_param_matcher`` or
``responses.matchers.query_string_matcher``
Include the query string when matching requests.
Enabled by default if the response URL contains a query string,
disabled if it doesn't or the URL is a regular expression.
body (``str`` or ``BufferedReader`` or ``Exception``)
The response body. Read more `Exception as Response body`_
json
A Python object representing the JSON response body. Automatically configures
the appropriate Content-Type.
status (``int``)
The HTTP status code.
content_type (``content_type``)
Defaults to ``text/plain``.
headers (``dict``)
Response headers.
stream (``bool``)
DEPRECATED: use ``stream`` argument in request directly
auto_calculate_content_length (``bool``)
Disabled by default. Automatically calculates the length of a supplied string or JSON body.
match (``tuple``)
An iterable (``tuple`` is recommended) of callbacks to match requests
based on request attributes.
Current module provides multiple matchers that you can use to match:
* body contents in JSON format
* body contents in URL encoded data format
* request query parameters
* request query string (similar to query parameters but takes string as input)
* kwargs provided to request e.g. ``stream``, ``verify``
* 'multipart/form-data' content and headers in request
* request headers
* request fragment identifier
Alternatively user can create custom matcher.
Read more `Matching Requests`_
Exception as Response body
--------------------------
You can pass an ``Exception`` as the body to trigger an error on the request:
.. code-block:: python
import responses
import requests
@responses.activate
def test_simple():
responses.get("http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar", body=Exception("..."))
with pytest.raises(Exception):
requests.get("http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar")
Matching Requests
-----------------
Matching Request Body Contents
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
When adding responses for endpoints that are sent request data you can add
matchers to ensure your code is sending the right parameters and provide
different responses based on the request body contents. ``responses`` provides
matchers for JSON and URL-encoded request bodies.
URL-encoded data
""""""""""""""""
.. code-block:: python
import responses
import requests
from responses import matchers
@responses.activate
def test_calc_api():
responses.post(
url="http://calc.com/sum",
body="4",
match=[matchers.urlencoded_params_matcher({"left": "1", "right": "3"})],
)
requests.post("http://calc.com/sum", data={"left": 1, "right": 3})
JSON encoded data
"""""""""""""""""
Matching JSON encoded data can be done with ``matchers.json_params_matcher()``.
.. code-block:: python
import responses
import requests
from responses import matchers
@responses.activate
def test_calc_api():
responses.post(
url="http://example.com/",
body="one",
match=[
matchers.json_params_matcher({"page": {"name": "first", "type": "json"}})
],
)
resp = requests.request(
"POST",
"http://example.com/",
headers={"Content-Type": "application/json"},
json={"page": {"name": "first", "type": "json"}},
)
Query Parameters Matcher
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Query Parameters as a Dictionary
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
You can use the ``matchers.query_param_matcher`` function to match
against the ``params`` request parameter. Just use the same dictionary as you
will use in ``params`` argument in ``request``.
Note, do not use query parameters as part of the URL. Avoid using ``match_querystring``
deprecated argument.
.. code-block:: python
import responses
import requests
from responses import matchers
@responses.activate
def test_calc_api():
url = "http://example.com/test"
params = {"hello": "world", "I am": "a big test"}
responses.get(
url=url,
body="test",
match=[matchers.query_param_matcher(params)],
)
resp = requests.get(url, params=params)
constructed_url = r"http://example.com/test?I+am=a+big+test&hello=world"
assert resp.url == constructed_url
assert resp.request.url == constructed_url
assert resp.request.params == params
By default, matcher will validate that all parameters match strictly.
To validate that only parameters specified in the matcher are present in original request
use ``strict_match=False``.
Query Parameters as a String
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
As alternative, you can use query string value in ``matchers.query_string_matcher`` to match
query parameters in your request
.. code-block:: python
import requests
import responses
from responses import matchers
@responses.activate
def my_func():
responses.get(
"https://httpbin.org/get",
match=[matchers.query_string_matcher("didi=pro&test=1")],
)
resp = requests.get("https://httpbin.org/get", params={"test": 1, "didi": "pro"})
my_func()
Request Keyword Arguments Matcher
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
To validate request arguments use the ``matchers.request_kwargs_matcher`` function to match
against the request kwargs.
Only following arguments are supported: ``timeout``, ``verify``, ``proxies``, ``stream``, ``cert``.
Note, only arguments provided to ``matchers.request_kwargs_matcher`` will be validated.
.. code-block:: python
import responses
import requests
from responses import matchers
with responses.RequestsMock(assert_all_requests_are_fired=False) as rsps:
req_kwargs = {
"stream": True,
"verify": False,
}
rsps.add(
"GET",
"http://111.com",
match=[matchers.request_kwargs_matcher(req_kwargs)],
)
requests.get("http://111.com", stream=True)
# >>> Arguments don't match: {stream: True, verify: True} doesn't match {stream: True, verify: False}
Request multipart/form-data Data Validation
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
To validate request body and headers for ``multipart/form-data`` data you can use
``matchers.multipart_matcher``. The ``data``, and ``files`` parameters provided will be compared
to the request:
.. code-block:: python
import requests
import responses
from responses.matchers import multipart_matcher
@responses.activate
def my_func():
req_data = {"some": "other", "data": "fields"}
req_files = {"file_name": b"Old World!"}
responses.post(
url="http://httpbin.org/post",
match=[multipart_matcher(req_files, data=req_data)],
)
resp = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post", files={"file_name": b"New World!"})
my_func()
# >>> raises ConnectionError: multipart/form-data doesn't match. Request body differs.
Request Fragment Identifier Validation
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
To validate request URL fragment identifier you can use ``matchers.fragment_identifier_matcher``.
The matcher takes fragment string (everything after ``#`` sign) as input for comparison:
.. code-block:: python
import requests
import responses
from responses.matchers import fragment_identifier_matcher
@responses.activate
def run():
url = "http://example.com?ab=xy&zed=qwe#test=1&foo=bar"
responses.get(
url,
match=[fragment_identifier_matcher("test=1&foo=bar")],
body=b"test",
)
# two requests to check reversed order of fragment identifier
resp = requests.get("http://example.com?ab=xy&zed=qwe#test=1&foo=bar")
resp = requests.get("http://example.com?zed=qwe&ab=xy#foo=bar&test=1")
run()
Request Headers Validation
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
When adding responses you can specify matchers to ensure that your code is
sending the right headers and provide different responses based on the request
headers.
.. code-block:: python
import responses
import requests
from responses import matchers
@responses.activate
def test_content_type():
responses.get(
url="http://example.com/",
body="hello world",
match=[matchers.header_matcher({"Accept": "text/plain"})],
)
responses.get(
url="http://example.com/",
json={"content": "hello world"},
match=[matchers.header_matcher({"Accept": "application/json"})],
)
# request in reverse order to how they were added!
resp = requests.get("http://example.com/", headers={"Accept": "application/json"})
assert resp.json() == {"content": "hello world"}
resp = requests.get("http://example.com/", headers={"Accept": "text/plain"})
assert resp.text == "hello world"
Because ``requests`` will send several standard headers in addition to what was
specified by your code, request headers that are additional to the ones
passed to the matcher are ignored by default. You can change this behaviour by
passing ``strict_match=True`` to the matcher to ensure that only the headers
that you're expecting are sent and no others. Note that you will probably have
to use a ``PreparedRequest`` in your code to ensure that ``requests`` doesn't
include any additional headers.
.. code-block:: python
import responses
import requests
from responses import matchers
@responses.activate
def test_content_type():
responses.get(
url="http://example.com/",
body="hello world",
match=[matchers.header_matcher({"Accept": "text/plain"}, strict_match=True)],
)
# this will fail because requests adds its own headers
with pytest.raises(ConnectionError):
requests.get("http://example.com/", headers={"Accept": "text/plain"})
# a prepared request where you overwrite the headers before sending will work
session = requests.Session()
prepped = session.prepare_request(
requests.Request(
method="GET",
url="http://example.com/",
)
)
prepped.headers = {"Accept": "text/plain"}
resp = session.send(prepped)
assert resp.text == "hello world"
Creating Custom Matcher
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
If your application requires other encodings or different data validation you can build
your own matcher that returns ``Tuple[matches: bool, reason: str]``.
Where boolean represents ``True`` or ``False`` if the request parameters match and
the string is a reason in case of match failure. Your matcher can
expect a ``PreparedRequest`` parameter to be provided by ``responses``.
Note, ``PreparedRequest`` is customized and has additional attributes ``params`` and ``req_kwargs``.
Response Registry
---------------------------
Default Registry
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
By default, ``responses`` will search all registered ``Response`` objects and
return a match. If only one ``Response`` is registered, the registry is kept unchanged.
However, if multiple matches are found for the same request, then first match is returned and
removed from registry.
Ordered Registry
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
In some scenarios it is important to preserve the order of the requests and responses.
You can use ``registries.OrderedRegistry`` to force all ``Response`` objects to be dependent
on the insertion order and invocation index.
In following example we add multiple ``Response`` objects that target the same URL. However,
you can see, that status code will depend on the invocation order.
.. code-block:: python
import requests
import responses
from responses.registries import OrderedRegistry
@responses.activate(registry=OrderedRegistry)
def test_invocation_index():
responses.get(
"http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar",
json={"msg": "not found"},
status=404,
)
responses.get(
"http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar",
json={"msg": "OK"},
status=200,
)
responses.get(
"http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar",
json={"msg": "OK"},
status=200,
)
responses.get(
"http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar",
json={"msg": "not found"},
status=404,
)
resp = requests.get("http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar")
assert resp.status_code == 404
resp = requests.get("http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar")
assert resp.status_code == 200
resp = requests.get("http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar")
assert resp.status_code == 200
resp = requests.get("http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar")
assert resp.status_code == 404
Custom Registry
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Built-in ``registries`` are suitable for most of use cases, but to handle special conditions, you can
implement custom registry which must follow interface of ``registries.FirstMatchRegistry``.
Redefining the ``find`` method will allow you to create custom search logic and return
appropriate ``Response``
Example that shows how to set custom registry
.. code-block:: python
import responses
from responses import registries
class CustomRegistry(registries.FirstMatchRegistry):
pass
print("Before tests:", responses.mock.get_registry())
""" Before tests: <responses.registries.FirstMatchRegistry object> """
# using function decorator
@responses.activate(registry=CustomRegistry)
def run():
print("Within test:", responses.mock.get_registry())
""" Within test: <__main__.CustomRegistry object> """
run()
print("After test:", responses.mock.get_registry())
""" After test: <responses.registries.FirstMatchRegistry object> """
# using context manager
with responses.RequestsMock(registry=CustomRegistry) as rsps:
print("In context manager:", rsps.get_registry())
""" In context manager: <__main__.CustomRegistry object> """
print("After exit from context manager:", responses.mock.get_registry())
"""
After exit from context manager: <responses.registries.FirstMatchRegistry object>
"""
Dynamic Responses
-----------------
You can utilize callbacks to provide dynamic responses. The callback must return
a tuple of (``status``, ``headers``, ``body``).
.. code-block:: python
import json
import responses
import requests
@responses.activate
def test_calc_api():
def request_callback(request):
payload = json.loads(request.body)
resp_body = {"value": sum(payload["numbers"])}
headers = {"request-id": "728d329e-0e86-11e4-a748-0c84dc037c13"}
return (200, headers, json.dumps(resp_body))
responses.add_callback(
responses.POST,
"http://calc.com/sum",
callback=request_callback,
content_type="application/json",
)
resp = requests.post(
"http://calc.com/sum",
json.dumps({"numbers": [1, 2, 3]}),
headers={"content-type": "application/json"},
)
assert resp.json() == {"value": 6}
assert len(responses.calls) == 1
assert responses.calls[0].request.url == "http://calc.com/sum"
assert responses.calls[0].response.text == '{"value": 6}'
assert (
responses.calls[0].response.headers["request-id"]
== "728d329e-0e86-11e4-a748-0c84dc037c13"
)
You can also pass a compiled regex to ``add_callback`` to match multiple urls:
.. code-block:: python
import re, json
from functools import reduce
import responses
import requests
operators = {
"sum": lambda x, y: x + y,
"prod": lambda x, y: x * y,
"pow": lambda x, y: x**y,
}
@responses.activate
def test_regex_url():
def request_callback(request):
payload = json.loads(request.body)
operator_name = request.path_url[1:]
operator = operators[operator_name]
resp_body = {"value": reduce(operator, payload["numbers"])}
headers = {"request-id": "728d329e-0e86-11e4-a748-0c84dc037c13"}
return (200, headers, json.dumps(resp_body))
responses.add_callback(
responses.POST,
re.compile("http://calc.com/(sum|prod|pow|unsupported)"),
callback=request_callback,
content_type="application/json",
)
resp = requests.post(
"http://calc.com/prod",
json.dumps({"numbers": [2, 3, 4]}),
headers={"content-type": "application/json"},
)
assert resp.json() == {"value": 24}
test_regex_url()
If you want to pass extra keyword arguments to the callback function, for example when reusing
a callback function to give a slightly different result, you can use ``functools.partial``:
.. code-block:: python
from functools import partial
def request_callback(request, id=None):
payload = json.loads(request.body)
resp_body = {"value": sum(payload["numbers"])}
headers = {"request-id": id}
return (200, headers, json.dumps(resp_body))
responses.add_callback(
responses.POST,
"http://calc.com/sum",
callback=partial(request_callback, id="728d329e-0e86-11e4-a748-0c84dc037c13"),
content_type="application/json",
)
Integration with unit test frameworks
-------------------------------------
Responses as a ``pytest`` fixture
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
.. code-block:: python
@pytest.fixture
def mocked_responses():
with responses.RequestsMock() as rsps:
yield rsps
def test_api(mocked_responses):
mocked_responses.get(
"http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar",
body="{}",
status=200,
content_type="application/json",
)
resp = requests.get("http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar")
assert resp.status_code == 200
Add default responses for each test
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
When run with ``unittest`` tests, this can be used to set up some
generic class-level responses, that may be complemented by each test.
Similar interface could be applied in ``pytest`` framework.
.. code-block:: python
class TestMyApi(unittest.TestCase):
def setUp(self):
responses.get("https://example.com", body="within setup")
# here go other self.responses.add(...)
@responses.activate
def test_my_func(self):
responses.get(
"https://httpbin.org/get",
match=[matchers.query_param_matcher({"test": "1", "didi": "pro"})],
body="within test",
)
resp = requests.get("https://example.com")
resp2 = requests.get(
"https://httpbin.org/get", params={"test": "1", "didi": "pro"}
)
print(resp.text)
# >>> within setup
print(resp2.text)
# >>> within test
RequestMock methods: start, stop, reset
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
``responses`` has ``start``, ``stop``, ``reset`` methods very analogous to
`unittest.mock.patch <https://docs.python.org/3/library/unittest.mock.html#patch-methods-start-and-stop>`_.
These make it simpler to do requests mocking in ``setup`` methods or where
you want to do multiple patches without nesting decorators or with statements.
.. code-block:: python
class TestUnitTestPatchSetup:
def setup(self):
"""Creates ``RequestsMock`` instance and starts it."""
self.r_mock = responses.RequestsMock(assert_all_requests_are_fired=True)
self.r_mock.start()
# optionally some default responses could be registered
self.r_mock.get("https://example.com", status=505)
self.r_mock.put("https://example.com", status=506)
def teardown(self):
"""Stops and resets RequestsMock instance.
If ``assert_all_requests_are_fired`` is set to ``True``, will raise an error
if some requests were not processed.
"""
self.r_mock.stop()
self.r_mock.reset()
def test_function(self):
resp = requests.get("https://example.com")
assert resp.status_code == 505
resp = requests.put("https://example.com")
assert resp.status_code == 506
Assertions on declared responses
--------------------------------
When used as a context manager, Responses will, by default, raise an assertion
error if a url was registered but not accessed. This can be disabled by passing
the ``assert_all_requests_are_fired`` value:
.. code-block:: python
import responses
import requests
def test_my_api():
with responses.RequestsMock(assert_all_requests_are_fired=False) as rsps:
rsps.add(
responses.GET,
"http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar",
body="{}",
status=200,
content_type="application/json",
)
Assert Request Call Count
-------------------------
Assert based on ``Response`` object
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Each ``Response`` object has ``call_count`` attribute that could be inspected
to check how many times each request was matched.
.. code-block:: python
@responses.activate
def test_call_count_with_matcher():
rsp = responses.get(
"http://www.example.com",
match=(matchers.query_param_matcher({}),),
)
rsp2 = responses.get(
"http://www.example.com",
match=(matchers.query_param_matcher({"hello": "world"}),),
status=777,
)
requests.get("http://www.example.com")
resp1 = requests.get("http://www.example.com")
requests.get("http://www.example.com?hello=world")
resp2 = requests.get("http://www.example.com?hello=world")
assert resp1.status_code == 200
assert resp2.status_code == 777
assert rsp.call_count == 2
assert rsp2.call_count == 2
Assert based on the exact URL
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Assert that the request was called exactly n times.
.. code-block:: python
import responses
import requests
@responses.activate
def test_assert_call_count():
responses.get("http://example.com")
requests.get("http://example.com")
assert responses.assert_call_count("http://example.com", 1) is True
requests.get("http://example.com")
with pytest.raises(AssertionError) as excinfo:
responses.assert_call_count("http://example.com", 1)
assert (
"Expected URL 'http://example.com' to be called 1 times. Called 2 times."
in str(excinfo.value)
)
@responses.activate
def test_assert_call_count_always_match_qs():
responses.get("http://www.example.com")
requests.get("http://www.example.com")
requests.get("http://www.example.com?hello=world")
# One call on each url, querystring is matched by default
responses.assert_call_count("http://www.example.com", 1) is True
responses.assert_call_count("http://www.example.com?hello=world", 1) is True
Assert Request Calls data
-------------------------
``Request`` object has ``calls`` list which elements correspond to ``Call`` objects
in the global list of ``Registry``. This can be useful when the order of requests is not
guaranteed, but you need to check their correctness, for example in multithreaded
applications.
.. code-block:: python
import concurrent.futures
import responses
import requests
@responses.activate
def test_assert_calls_on_resp():
rsp1 = responses.patch("http://www.foo.bar/1/", status=200)
rsp2 = responses.patch("http://www.foo.bar/2/", status=400)
rsp3 = responses.patch("http://www.foo.bar/3/", status=200)
def update_user(uid, is_active):
url = f"http://www.foo.bar/{uid}/"
response = requests.patch(url, json={"is_active": is_active})
return response
with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=3) as executor:
future_to_uid = {
executor.submit(update_user, uid, is_active): uid
for (uid, is_active) in [("3", True), ("2", True), ("1", False)]
}
for future in concurrent.futures.as_completed(future_to_uid):
uid = future_to_uid[future]
response = future.result()
print(f"{uid} updated with {response.status_code} status code")
assert len(responses.calls) == 3 # total calls count
assert rsp1.call_count == 1
assert rsp1.calls[0] in responses.calls
assert rsp1.calls[0].response.status_code == 200
assert json.loads(rsp1.calls[0].request.body) == {"is_active": False}
assert rsp2.call_count == 1
assert rsp2.calls[0] in responses.calls
assert rsp2.calls[0].response.status_code == 400
assert json.loads(rsp2.calls[0].request.body) == {"is_active": True}
assert rsp3.call_count == 1
assert rsp3.calls[0] in responses.calls
assert rsp3.calls[0].response.status_code == 200
assert json.loads(rsp3.calls[0].request.body) == {"is_active": True}
Multiple Responses
------------------
You can also add multiple responses for the same url:
.. code-block:: python
import responses
import requests
@responses.activate
def test_my_api():
responses.get("http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar", status=500)
responses.get(
"http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar",
body="{}",
status=200,
content_type="application/json",
)
resp = requests.get("http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar")
assert resp.status_code == 500
resp = requests.get("http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar")
assert resp.status_code == 200
URL Redirection
---------------
In the following example you can see how to create a redirection chain and add custom exception that will be raised
in the execution chain and contain the history of redirects.
.. code-block::
A -> 301 redirect -> B
B -> 301 redirect -> C
C -> connection issue
.. code-block:: python
import pytest
import requests
import responses
@responses.activate
def test_redirect():
# create multiple Response objects where first two contain redirect headers
rsp1 = responses.Response(
responses.GET,
"http://example.com/1",
status=301,
headers={"Location": "http://example.com/2"},
)
rsp2 = responses.Response(
responses.GET,
"http://example.com/2",
status=301,
headers={"Location": "http://example.com/3"},
)
rsp3 = responses.Response(responses.GET, "http://example.com/3", status=200)
# register above generated Responses in ``response`` module
responses.add(rsp1)
responses.add(rsp2)
responses.add(rsp3)
# do the first request in order to generate genuine ``requests`` response
# this object will contain genuine attributes of the response, like ``history``
rsp = requests.get("http://example.com/1")
responses.calls.reset()
# customize exception with ``response`` attribute
my_error = requests.ConnectionError("custom error")
my_error.response = rsp
# update body of the 3rd response with Exception, this will be raised during execution
rsp3.body = my_error
with pytest.raises(requests.ConnectionError) as exc_info:
requests.get("http://example.com/1")
assert exc_info.value.args[0] == "custom error"
assert rsp1.url in exc_info.value.response.history[0].url
assert rsp2.url in exc_info.value.response.history[1].url
Validate ``Retry`` mechanism
----------------------------
If you are using the ``Retry`` features of ``urllib3`` and want to cover scenarios that test your retry limits, you can test those scenarios with ``responses`` as well. The best approach will be to use an `Ordered Registry`_
.. code-block:: python
import requests
import responses
from responses import registries
from urllib3.util import Retry
@responses.activate(registry=registries.OrderedRegistry)
def test_max_retries():
url = "https://example.com"
rsp1 = responses.get(url, body="Error", status=500)
rsp2 = responses.get(url, body="Error", status=500)
rsp3 = responses.get(url, body="Error", status=500)
rsp4 = responses.get(url, body="OK", status=200)
session = requests.Session()
adapter = requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter(
max_retries=Retry(
total=4,
backoff_factor=0.1,
status_forcelist=[500],
method_whitelist=["GET", "POST", "PATCH"],
)
)
session.mount("https://", adapter)
resp = session.get(url)
assert resp.status_code == 200
assert rsp1.call_count == 1
assert rsp2.call_count == 1
assert rsp3.call_count == 1
assert rsp4.call_count == 1
Using a callback to modify the response
---------------------------------------
If you use customized processing in ``requests`` via subclassing/mixins, or if you
have library tools that interact with ``requests`` at a low level, you may need
to add extended processing to the mocked Response object to fully simulate the
environment for your tests. A ``response_callback`` can be used, which will be
wrapped by the library before being returned to the caller. The callback
accepts a ``response`` as it's single argument, and is expected to return a
single ``response`` object.
.. code-block:: python
import responses
import requests
def response_callback(resp):
resp.callback_processed = True
return resp
with responses.RequestsMock(response_callback=response_callback) as m:
m.add(responses.GET, "http://example.com", body=b"test")
resp = requests.get("http://example.com")
assert resp.text == "test"
assert hasattr(resp, "callback_processed")
assert resp.callback_processed is True
Passing through real requests
-----------------------------
In some cases you may wish to allow for certain requests to pass through responses
and hit a real server. This can be done with the ``add_passthru`` methods:
.. code-block:: python
import responses
@responses.activate
def test_my_api():
responses.add_passthru("https://percy.io")
This will allow any requests matching that prefix, that is otherwise not
registered as a mock response, to passthru using the standard behavior.
Pass through endpoints can be configured with regex patterns if you
need to allow an entire domain or path subtree to send requests:
.. code-block:: python
responses.add_passthru(re.compile("https://percy.io/\\w+"))
Lastly, you can use the ``passthrough`` argument of the ``Response`` object
to force a response to behave as a pass through.
.. code-block:: python
# Enable passthrough for a single response
response = Response(
responses.GET,
"http://example.com",
body="not used",
passthrough=True,
)
responses.add(response)
# Use PassthroughResponse
response = PassthroughResponse(responses.GET, "http://example.com")
responses.add(response)
Viewing/Modifying registered responses
--------------------------------------
Registered responses are available as a public method of the RequestMock
instance. It is sometimes useful for debugging purposes to view the stack of
registered responses which can be accessed via ``responses.registered()``.
The ``replace`` function allows a previously registered ``response`` to be
changed. The method signature is identical to ``add``. ``response`` s are
identified using ``method`` and ``url``. Only the first matched ``response`` is
replaced.
.. code-block:: python
import responses
import requests
@responses.activate
def test_replace():
responses.get("http://example.org", json={"data": 1})
responses.replace(responses.GET, "http://example.org", json={"data": 2})
resp = requests.get("http://example.org")
assert resp.json() == {"data": 2}
The ``upsert`` function allows a previously registered ``response`` to be
changed like ``replace``. If the response is registered, the ``upsert`` function
will registered it like ``add``.
``remove`` takes a ``method`` and ``url`` argument and will remove **all**
matched responses from the registered list.
Finally, ``reset`` will reset all registered responses.
Coroutines and Multithreading
-----------------------------
``responses`` supports both Coroutines and Multithreading out of the box.
Note, ``responses`` locks threading on ``RequestMock`` object allowing only
single thread to access it.
.. code-block:: python
async def test_async_calls():
@responses.activate
async def run():
responses.get(
"http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar",
json={"error": "not found"},
status=404,
)
resp = requests.get("http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar")
assert resp.json() == {"error": "not found"}
assert responses.calls[0].request.url == "http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar"
await run()
Contributing
------------
Environment Configuration
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Responses uses several linting and autoformatting utilities, so it's important that when
submitting patches you use the appropriate toolchain:
Clone the repository:
.. code-block:: shell
git clone https://github.com/getsentry/responses.git
Create an environment (e.g. with ``virtualenv``):
.. code-block:: shell
virtualenv .env && source .env/bin/activate
Configure development requirements:
.. code-block:: shell
make develop
Tests and Code Quality Validation
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
The easiest way to validate your code is to run tests via ``tox``.
Current ``tox`` configuration runs the same checks that are used in
GitHub Actions CI/CD pipeline.
Please execute the following command line from the project root to validate
your code against:
* Unit tests in all Python versions that are supported by this project
* Type validation via ``mypy``
* All ``pre-commit`` hooks
.. code-block:: shell
tox
Alternatively, you can always run a single test. See documentation below.
Unit tests
""""""""""
Responses uses `Pytest <https://docs.pytest.org/en/latest/>`_ for
testing. You can run all tests by:
.. code-block:: shell
tox -e py37
tox -e py310
OR manually activate required version of Python and run
.. code-block:: shell
pytest
And run a single test by:
.. code-block:: shell
pytest -k '<test_function_name>'
Type Validation
"""""""""""""""
To verify ``type`` compliance, run `mypy <https://github.com/python/mypy>`_ linter:
.. code-block:: shell
tox -e mypy
OR
.. code-block:: shell
mypy --config-file=./mypy.ini -p responses
Code Quality and Style
""""""""""""""""""""""
To check code style and reformat it run:
.. code-block:: shell
tox -e precom
OR
.. code-block:: shell
pre-commit run --all-files
Raw data
{
"_id": null,
"home_page": "https://github.com/getsentry/responses",
"name": "responses",
"maintainer": null,
"docs_url": null,
"requires_python": ">=3.8",
"maintainer_email": null,
"keywords": null,
"author": "David Cramer",
"author_email": null,
"download_url": "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/67/24/1d67c8974daa502e860b4a5b57ad6de0d7dbc0b1160ef7148189a24a40e1/responses-0.25.3.tar.gz",
"platform": null,
"description": "Responses\n=========\n\n.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/responses.svg\n :target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/responses/\n\n.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/responses.svg\n :target: https://pypi.org/project/responses/\n\n.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/dm/responses\n :target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/responses/\n\n.. image:: https://codecov.io/gh/getsentry/responses/branch/master/graph/badge.svg\n :target: https://codecov.io/gh/getsentry/responses/\n\nA utility library for mocking out the ``requests`` Python library.\n\n.. note::\n\n Responses requires Python 3.8 or newer, and requests >= 2.30.0\n\n\nTable of Contents\n-----------------\n\n.. contents::\n\n\nInstalling\n----------\n\n``pip install responses``\n\n\nDeprecations and Migration Path\n-------------------------------\n\nHere you will find a list of deprecated functionality and a migration path for each.\nPlease ensure to update your code according to the guidance.\n\n.. list-table:: Deprecation and Migration\n :widths: 50 25 50\n :header-rows: 1\n\n * - Deprecated Functionality\n - Deprecated in Version\n - Migration Path\n * - ``responses.json_params_matcher``\n - 0.14.0\n - ``responses.matchers.json_params_matcher``\n * - ``responses.urlencoded_params_matcher``\n - 0.14.0\n - ``responses.matchers.urlencoded_params_matcher``\n * - ``stream`` argument in ``Response`` and ``CallbackResponse``\n - 0.15.0\n - Use ``stream`` argument in request directly.\n * - ``match_querystring`` argument in ``Response`` and ``CallbackResponse``.\n - 0.17.0\n - Use ``responses.matchers.query_param_matcher`` or ``responses.matchers.query_string_matcher``\n * - ``responses.assert_all_requests_are_fired``, ``responses.passthru_prefixes``, ``responses.target``\n - 0.20.0\n - Use ``responses.mock.assert_all_requests_are_fired``,\n ``responses.mock.passthru_prefixes``, ``responses.mock.target`` instead.\n\nBETA Features\n-------------\nBelow you can find a list of BETA features. Although we will try to keep the API backwards compatible\nwith released version, we reserve the right to change these APIs before they are considered stable. Please share your feedback via\n`GitHub Issues <https://github.com/getsentry/responses/issues>`_.\n\nRecord Responses to files\n^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n\nYou can perform real requests to the server and ``responses`` will automatically record the output to the\nfile. Recorded data is stored in `YAML <https://yaml.org>`_ format.\n\nApply ``@responses._recorder.record(file_path=\"out.yaml\")`` decorator to any function where you perform\nrequests to record responses to ``out.yaml`` file.\n\nFollowing code\n\n.. code-block:: python\n\n import requests\n from responses import _recorder\n\n\n def another():\n rsp = requests.get(\"https://httpstat.us/500\")\n rsp = requests.get(\"https://httpstat.us/202\")\n\n\n @_recorder.record(file_path=\"out.yaml\")\n def test_recorder():\n rsp = requests.get(\"https://httpstat.us/404\")\n rsp = requests.get(\"https://httpbin.org/status/wrong\")\n another()\n\nwill produce next output:\n\n.. code-block:: yaml\n\n responses:\n - response:\n auto_calculate_content_length: false\n body: 404 Not Found\n content_type: text/plain\n method: GET\n status: 404\n url: https://httpstat.us/404\n - response:\n auto_calculate_content_length: false\n body: Invalid status code\n content_type: text/plain\n method: GET\n status: 400\n url: https://httpbin.org/status/wrong\n - response:\n auto_calculate_content_length: false\n body: 500 Internal Server Error\n content_type: text/plain\n method: GET\n status: 500\n url: https://httpstat.us/500\n - response:\n auto_calculate_content_length: false\n body: 202 Accepted\n content_type: text/plain\n method: GET\n status: 202\n url: https://httpstat.us/202\n\n\nReplay responses (populate registry) from files\n^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n\nYou can populate your active registry from a ``yaml`` file with recorded responses.\n(See `Record Responses to files`_ to understand how to obtain a file).\nTo do that you need to execute ``responses._add_from_file(file_path=\"out.yaml\")`` within\nan activated decorator or a context manager.\n\nThe following code example registers a ``patch`` response, then all responses present in\n``out.yaml`` file and a ``post`` response at the end.\n\n.. code-block:: python\n\n import responses\n\n\n @responses.activate\n def run():\n responses.patch(\"http://httpbin.org\")\n responses._add_from_file(file_path=\"out.yaml\")\n responses.post(\"http://httpbin.org/form\")\n\n\n run()\n\nBasics\n------\n\nThe core of ``responses`` comes from registering mock responses and covering test function\nwith ``responses.activate`` decorator. ``responses`` provides similar interface as ``requests``.\n\nMain Interface\n^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n\n* responses.add(``Response`` or ``Response args``) - allows either to register ``Response`` object or directly\n provide arguments of ``Response`` object. See `Response Parameters`_\n\n.. code-block:: python\n\n import responses\n import requests\n\n\n @responses.activate\n def test_simple():\n # Register via 'Response' object\n rsp1 = responses.Response(\n method=\"PUT\",\n url=\"http://example.com\",\n )\n responses.add(rsp1)\n # register via direct arguments\n responses.add(\n responses.GET,\n \"http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar\",\n json={\"error\": \"not found\"},\n status=404,\n )\n\n resp = requests.get(\"http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar\")\n resp2 = requests.put(\"http://example.com\")\n\n assert resp.json() == {\"error\": \"not found\"}\n assert resp.status_code == 404\n\n assert resp2.status_code == 200\n assert resp2.request.method == \"PUT\"\n\n\nIf you attempt to fetch a url which doesn't hit a match, ``responses`` will raise\na ``ConnectionError``:\n\n.. code-block:: python\n\n import responses\n import requests\n\n from requests.exceptions import ConnectionError\n\n\n @responses.activate\n def test_simple():\n with pytest.raises(ConnectionError):\n requests.get(\"http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar\")\n\n\nShortcuts\n^^^^^^^^^\n\nShortcuts provide a shorten version of ``responses.add()`` where method argument is prefilled\n\n* responses.delete(``Response args``) - register DELETE response\n* responses.get(``Response args``) - register GET response\n* responses.head(``Response args``) - register HEAD response\n* responses.options(``Response args``) - register OPTIONS response\n* responses.patch(``Response args``) - register PATCH response\n* responses.post(``Response args``) - register POST response\n* responses.put(``Response args``) - register PUT response\n\n.. code-block:: python\n\n import responses\n import requests\n\n\n @responses.activate\n def test_simple():\n responses.get(\n \"http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar\",\n json={\"type\": \"get\"},\n )\n\n responses.post(\n \"http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar\",\n json={\"type\": \"post\"},\n )\n\n responses.patch(\n \"http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar\",\n json={\"type\": \"patch\"},\n )\n\n resp_get = requests.get(\"http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar\")\n resp_post = requests.post(\"http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar\")\n resp_patch = requests.patch(\"http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar\")\n\n assert resp_get.json() == {\"type\": \"get\"}\n assert resp_post.json() == {\"type\": \"post\"}\n assert resp_patch.json() == {\"type\": \"patch\"}\n\nResponses as a context manager\n^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n\nInstead of wrapping the whole function with decorator you can use a context manager.\n\n.. code-block:: python\n\n import responses\n import requests\n\n\n def test_my_api():\n with responses.RequestsMock() as rsps:\n rsps.add(\n responses.GET,\n \"http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar\",\n body=\"{}\",\n status=200,\n content_type=\"application/json\",\n )\n resp = requests.get(\"http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar\")\n\n assert resp.status_code == 200\n\n # outside the context manager requests will hit the remote server\n resp = requests.get(\"http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar\")\n resp.status_code == 404\n\n\nResponse Parameters\n-------------------\n\nThe following attributes can be passed to a Response mock:\n\nmethod (``str``)\n The HTTP method (GET, POST, etc).\n\nurl (``str`` or ``compiled regular expression``)\n The full resource URL.\n\nmatch_querystring (``bool``)\n DEPRECATED: Use ``responses.matchers.query_param_matcher`` or\n ``responses.matchers.query_string_matcher``\n\n Include the query string when matching requests.\n Enabled by default if the response URL contains a query string,\n disabled if it doesn't or the URL is a regular expression.\n\nbody (``str`` or ``BufferedReader`` or ``Exception``)\n The response body. Read more `Exception as Response body`_\n\njson\n A Python object representing the JSON response body. Automatically configures\n the appropriate Content-Type.\n\nstatus (``int``)\n The HTTP status code.\n\ncontent_type (``content_type``)\n Defaults to ``text/plain``.\n\nheaders (``dict``)\n Response headers.\n\nstream (``bool``)\n DEPRECATED: use ``stream`` argument in request directly\n\nauto_calculate_content_length (``bool``)\n Disabled by default. Automatically calculates the length of a supplied string or JSON body.\n\nmatch (``tuple``)\n An iterable (``tuple`` is recommended) of callbacks to match requests\n based on request attributes.\n Current module provides multiple matchers that you can use to match:\n\n * body contents in JSON format\n * body contents in URL encoded data format\n * request query parameters\n * request query string (similar to query parameters but takes string as input)\n * kwargs provided to request e.g. ``stream``, ``verify``\n * 'multipart/form-data' content and headers in request\n * request headers\n * request fragment identifier\n\n Alternatively user can create custom matcher.\n Read more `Matching Requests`_\n\n\nException as Response body\n--------------------------\n\nYou can pass an ``Exception`` as the body to trigger an error on the request:\n\n.. code-block:: python\n\n import responses\n import requests\n\n\n @responses.activate\n def test_simple():\n responses.get(\"http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar\", body=Exception(\"...\"))\n with pytest.raises(Exception):\n requests.get(\"http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar\")\n\n\nMatching Requests\n-----------------\n\nMatching Request Body Contents\n^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n\nWhen adding responses for endpoints that are sent request data you can add\nmatchers to ensure your code is sending the right parameters and provide\ndifferent responses based on the request body contents. ``responses`` provides\nmatchers for JSON and URL-encoded request bodies.\n\nURL-encoded data\n\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\n\n.. code-block:: python\n\n import responses\n import requests\n from responses import matchers\n\n\n @responses.activate\n def test_calc_api():\n responses.post(\n url=\"http://calc.com/sum\",\n body=\"4\",\n match=[matchers.urlencoded_params_matcher({\"left\": \"1\", \"right\": \"3\"})],\n )\n requests.post(\"http://calc.com/sum\", data={\"left\": 1, \"right\": 3})\n\n\nJSON encoded data\n\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\n\nMatching JSON encoded data can be done with ``matchers.json_params_matcher()``.\n\n.. code-block:: python\n\n import responses\n import requests\n from responses import matchers\n\n\n @responses.activate\n def test_calc_api():\n responses.post(\n url=\"http://example.com/\",\n body=\"one\",\n match=[\n matchers.json_params_matcher({\"page\": {\"name\": \"first\", \"type\": \"json\"}})\n ],\n )\n resp = requests.request(\n \"POST\",\n \"http://example.com/\",\n headers={\"Content-Type\": \"application/json\"},\n json={\"page\": {\"name\": \"first\", \"type\": \"json\"}},\n )\n\n\nQuery Parameters Matcher\n^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n\nQuery Parameters as a Dictionary\n\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\n\nYou can use the ``matchers.query_param_matcher`` function to match\nagainst the ``params`` request parameter. Just use the same dictionary as you\nwill use in ``params`` argument in ``request``.\n\nNote, do not use query parameters as part of the URL. Avoid using ``match_querystring``\ndeprecated argument.\n\n.. code-block:: python\n\n import responses\n import requests\n from responses import matchers\n\n\n @responses.activate\n def test_calc_api():\n url = \"http://example.com/test\"\n params = {\"hello\": \"world\", \"I am\": \"a big test\"}\n responses.get(\n url=url,\n body=\"test\",\n match=[matchers.query_param_matcher(params)],\n )\n\n resp = requests.get(url, params=params)\n\n constructed_url = r\"http://example.com/test?I+am=a+big+test&hello=world\"\n assert resp.url == constructed_url\n assert resp.request.url == constructed_url\n assert resp.request.params == params\n\nBy default, matcher will validate that all parameters match strictly.\nTo validate that only parameters specified in the matcher are present in original request\nuse ``strict_match=False``.\n\nQuery Parameters as a String\n\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\n\nAs alternative, you can use query string value in ``matchers.query_string_matcher`` to match\nquery parameters in your request\n\n.. code-block:: python\n\n import requests\n import responses\n from responses import matchers\n\n\n @responses.activate\n def my_func():\n responses.get(\n \"https://httpbin.org/get\",\n match=[matchers.query_string_matcher(\"didi=pro&test=1\")],\n )\n resp = requests.get(\"https://httpbin.org/get\", params={\"test\": 1, \"didi\": \"pro\"})\n\n\n my_func()\n\n\nRequest Keyword Arguments Matcher\n^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n\nTo validate request arguments use the ``matchers.request_kwargs_matcher`` function to match\nagainst the request kwargs.\n\nOnly following arguments are supported: ``timeout``, ``verify``, ``proxies``, ``stream``, ``cert``.\n\nNote, only arguments provided to ``matchers.request_kwargs_matcher`` will be validated.\n\n.. code-block:: python\n\n import responses\n import requests\n from responses import matchers\n\n with responses.RequestsMock(assert_all_requests_are_fired=False) as rsps:\n req_kwargs = {\n \"stream\": True,\n \"verify\": False,\n }\n rsps.add(\n \"GET\",\n \"http://111.com\",\n match=[matchers.request_kwargs_matcher(req_kwargs)],\n )\n\n requests.get(\"http://111.com\", stream=True)\n\n # >>> Arguments don't match: {stream: True, verify: True} doesn't match {stream: True, verify: False}\n\n\nRequest multipart/form-data Data Validation\n^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n\nTo validate request body and headers for ``multipart/form-data`` data you can use\n``matchers.multipart_matcher``. The ``data``, and ``files`` parameters provided will be compared\nto the request:\n\n.. code-block:: python\n\n import requests\n import responses\n from responses.matchers import multipart_matcher\n\n\n @responses.activate\n def my_func():\n req_data = {\"some\": \"other\", \"data\": \"fields\"}\n req_files = {\"file_name\": b\"Old World!\"}\n responses.post(\n url=\"http://httpbin.org/post\",\n match=[multipart_matcher(req_files, data=req_data)],\n )\n resp = requests.post(\"http://httpbin.org/post\", files={\"file_name\": b\"New World!\"})\n\n\n my_func()\n # >>> raises ConnectionError: multipart/form-data doesn't match. Request body differs.\n\nRequest Fragment Identifier Validation\n^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n\nTo validate request URL fragment identifier you can use ``matchers.fragment_identifier_matcher``.\nThe matcher takes fragment string (everything after ``#`` sign) as input for comparison:\n\n.. code-block:: python\n\n import requests\n import responses\n from responses.matchers import fragment_identifier_matcher\n\n\n @responses.activate\n def run():\n url = \"http://example.com?ab=xy&zed=qwe#test=1&foo=bar\"\n responses.get(\n url,\n match=[fragment_identifier_matcher(\"test=1&foo=bar\")],\n body=b\"test\",\n )\n\n # two requests to check reversed order of fragment identifier\n resp = requests.get(\"http://example.com?ab=xy&zed=qwe#test=1&foo=bar\")\n resp = requests.get(\"http://example.com?zed=qwe&ab=xy#foo=bar&test=1\")\n\n\n run()\n\nRequest Headers Validation\n^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n\nWhen adding responses you can specify matchers to ensure that your code is\nsending the right headers and provide different responses based on the request\nheaders.\n\n.. code-block:: python\n\n import responses\n import requests\n from responses import matchers\n\n\n @responses.activate\n def test_content_type():\n responses.get(\n url=\"http://example.com/\",\n body=\"hello world\",\n match=[matchers.header_matcher({\"Accept\": \"text/plain\"})],\n )\n\n responses.get(\n url=\"http://example.com/\",\n json={\"content\": \"hello world\"},\n match=[matchers.header_matcher({\"Accept\": \"application/json\"})],\n )\n\n # request in reverse order to how they were added!\n resp = requests.get(\"http://example.com/\", headers={\"Accept\": \"application/json\"})\n assert resp.json() == {\"content\": \"hello world\"}\n\n resp = requests.get(\"http://example.com/\", headers={\"Accept\": \"text/plain\"})\n assert resp.text == \"hello world\"\n\nBecause ``requests`` will send several standard headers in addition to what was\nspecified by your code, request headers that are additional to the ones\npassed to the matcher are ignored by default. You can change this behaviour by\npassing ``strict_match=True`` to the matcher to ensure that only the headers\nthat you're expecting are sent and no others. Note that you will probably have\nto use a ``PreparedRequest`` in your code to ensure that ``requests`` doesn't\ninclude any additional headers.\n\n.. code-block:: python\n\n import responses\n import requests\n from responses import matchers\n\n\n @responses.activate\n def test_content_type():\n responses.get(\n url=\"http://example.com/\",\n body=\"hello world\",\n match=[matchers.header_matcher({\"Accept\": \"text/plain\"}, strict_match=True)],\n )\n\n # this will fail because requests adds its own headers\n with pytest.raises(ConnectionError):\n requests.get(\"http://example.com/\", headers={\"Accept\": \"text/plain\"})\n\n # a prepared request where you overwrite the headers before sending will work\n session = requests.Session()\n prepped = session.prepare_request(\n requests.Request(\n method=\"GET\",\n url=\"http://example.com/\",\n )\n )\n prepped.headers = {\"Accept\": \"text/plain\"}\n\n resp = session.send(prepped)\n assert resp.text == \"hello world\"\n\n\nCreating Custom Matcher\n^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n\nIf your application requires other encodings or different data validation you can build\nyour own matcher that returns ``Tuple[matches: bool, reason: str]``.\nWhere boolean represents ``True`` or ``False`` if the request parameters match and\nthe string is a reason in case of match failure. Your matcher can\nexpect a ``PreparedRequest`` parameter to be provided by ``responses``.\n\nNote, ``PreparedRequest`` is customized and has additional attributes ``params`` and ``req_kwargs``.\n\nResponse Registry\n---------------------------\n\nDefault Registry\n^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n\nBy default, ``responses`` will search all registered ``Response`` objects and\nreturn a match. If only one ``Response`` is registered, the registry is kept unchanged.\nHowever, if multiple matches are found for the same request, then first match is returned and\nremoved from registry.\n\nOrdered Registry\n^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n\nIn some scenarios it is important to preserve the order of the requests and responses.\nYou can use ``registries.OrderedRegistry`` to force all ``Response`` objects to be dependent\non the insertion order and invocation index.\nIn following example we add multiple ``Response`` objects that target the same URL. However,\nyou can see, that status code will depend on the invocation order.\n\n\n.. code-block:: python\n\n import requests\n\n import responses\n from responses.registries import OrderedRegistry\n\n\n @responses.activate(registry=OrderedRegistry)\n def test_invocation_index():\n responses.get(\n \"http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar\",\n json={\"msg\": \"not found\"},\n status=404,\n )\n responses.get(\n \"http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar\",\n json={\"msg\": \"OK\"},\n status=200,\n )\n responses.get(\n \"http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar\",\n json={\"msg\": \"OK\"},\n status=200,\n )\n responses.get(\n \"http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar\",\n json={\"msg\": \"not found\"},\n status=404,\n )\n\n resp = requests.get(\"http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar\")\n assert resp.status_code == 404\n resp = requests.get(\"http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar\")\n assert resp.status_code == 200\n resp = requests.get(\"http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar\")\n assert resp.status_code == 200\n resp = requests.get(\"http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar\")\n assert resp.status_code == 404\n\n\nCustom Registry\n^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n\nBuilt-in ``registries`` are suitable for most of use cases, but to handle special conditions, you can\nimplement custom registry which must follow interface of ``registries.FirstMatchRegistry``.\nRedefining the ``find`` method will allow you to create custom search logic and return\nappropriate ``Response``\n\nExample that shows how to set custom registry\n\n.. code-block:: python\n\n import responses\n from responses import registries\n\n\n class CustomRegistry(registries.FirstMatchRegistry):\n pass\n\n\n print(\"Before tests:\", responses.mock.get_registry())\n \"\"\" Before tests: <responses.registries.FirstMatchRegistry object> \"\"\"\n\n\n # using function decorator\n @responses.activate(registry=CustomRegistry)\n def run():\n print(\"Within test:\", responses.mock.get_registry())\n \"\"\" Within test: <__main__.CustomRegistry object> \"\"\"\n\n\n run()\n\n print(\"After test:\", responses.mock.get_registry())\n \"\"\" After test: <responses.registries.FirstMatchRegistry object> \"\"\"\n\n # using context manager\n with responses.RequestsMock(registry=CustomRegistry) as rsps:\n print(\"In context manager:\", rsps.get_registry())\n \"\"\" In context manager: <__main__.CustomRegistry object> \"\"\"\n\n print(\"After exit from context manager:\", responses.mock.get_registry())\n \"\"\"\n After exit from context manager: <responses.registries.FirstMatchRegistry object>\n \"\"\"\n\nDynamic Responses\n-----------------\n\nYou can utilize callbacks to provide dynamic responses. The callback must return\na tuple of (``status``, ``headers``, ``body``).\n\n.. code-block:: python\n\n import json\n\n import responses\n import requests\n\n\n @responses.activate\n def test_calc_api():\n def request_callback(request):\n payload = json.loads(request.body)\n resp_body = {\"value\": sum(payload[\"numbers\"])}\n headers = {\"request-id\": \"728d329e-0e86-11e4-a748-0c84dc037c13\"}\n return (200, headers, json.dumps(resp_body))\n\n responses.add_callback(\n responses.POST,\n \"http://calc.com/sum\",\n callback=request_callback,\n content_type=\"application/json\",\n )\n\n resp = requests.post(\n \"http://calc.com/sum\",\n json.dumps({\"numbers\": [1, 2, 3]}),\n headers={\"content-type\": \"application/json\"},\n )\n\n assert resp.json() == {\"value\": 6}\n\n assert len(responses.calls) == 1\n assert responses.calls[0].request.url == \"http://calc.com/sum\"\n assert responses.calls[0].response.text == '{\"value\": 6}'\n assert (\n responses.calls[0].response.headers[\"request-id\"]\n == \"728d329e-0e86-11e4-a748-0c84dc037c13\"\n )\n\nYou can also pass a compiled regex to ``add_callback`` to match multiple urls:\n\n.. code-block:: python\n\n import re, json\n\n from functools import reduce\n\n import responses\n import requests\n\n operators = {\n \"sum\": lambda x, y: x + y,\n \"prod\": lambda x, y: x * y,\n \"pow\": lambda x, y: x**y,\n }\n\n\n @responses.activate\n def test_regex_url():\n def request_callback(request):\n payload = json.loads(request.body)\n operator_name = request.path_url[1:]\n\n operator = operators[operator_name]\n\n resp_body = {\"value\": reduce(operator, payload[\"numbers\"])}\n headers = {\"request-id\": \"728d329e-0e86-11e4-a748-0c84dc037c13\"}\n return (200, headers, json.dumps(resp_body))\n\n responses.add_callback(\n responses.POST,\n re.compile(\"http://calc.com/(sum|prod|pow|unsupported)\"),\n callback=request_callback,\n content_type=\"application/json\",\n )\n\n resp = requests.post(\n \"http://calc.com/prod\",\n json.dumps({\"numbers\": [2, 3, 4]}),\n headers={\"content-type\": \"application/json\"},\n )\n assert resp.json() == {\"value\": 24}\n\n\n test_regex_url()\n\n\nIf you want to pass extra keyword arguments to the callback function, for example when reusing\na callback function to give a slightly different result, you can use ``functools.partial``:\n\n.. code-block:: python\n\n from functools import partial\n\n\n def request_callback(request, id=None):\n payload = json.loads(request.body)\n resp_body = {\"value\": sum(payload[\"numbers\"])}\n headers = {\"request-id\": id}\n return (200, headers, json.dumps(resp_body))\n\n\n responses.add_callback(\n responses.POST,\n \"http://calc.com/sum\",\n callback=partial(request_callback, id=\"728d329e-0e86-11e4-a748-0c84dc037c13\"),\n content_type=\"application/json\",\n )\n\n\nIntegration with unit test frameworks\n-------------------------------------\n\nResponses as a ``pytest`` fixture\n^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n\n.. code-block:: python\n\n @pytest.fixture\n def mocked_responses():\n with responses.RequestsMock() as rsps:\n yield rsps\n\n\n def test_api(mocked_responses):\n mocked_responses.get(\n \"http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar\",\n body=\"{}\",\n status=200,\n content_type=\"application/json\",\n )\n resp = requests.get(\"http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar\")\n assert resp.status_code == 200\n\nAdd default responses for each test\n^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n\nWhen run with ``unittest`` tests, this can be used to set up some\ngeneric class-level responses, that may be complemented by each test.\nSimilar interface could be applied in ``pytest`` framework.\n\n.. code-block:: python\n\n class TestMyApi(unittest.TestCase):\n def setUp(self):\n responses.get(\"https://example.com\", body=\"within setup\")\n # here go other self.responses.add(...)\n\n @responses.activate\n def test_my_func(self):\n responses.get(\n \"https://httpbin.org/get\",\n match=[matchers.query_param_matcher({\"test\": \"1\", \"didi\": \"pro\"})],\n body=\"within test\",\n )\n resp = requests.get(\"https://example.com\")\n resp2 = requests.get(\n \"https://httpbin.org/get\", params={\"test\": \"1\", \"didi\": \"pro\"}\n )\n print(resp.text)\n # >>> within setup\n print(resp2.text)\n # >>> within test\n\n\nRequestMock methods: start, stop, reset\n^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n\n``responses`` has ``start``, ``stop``, ``reset`` methods very analogous to\n`unittest.mock.patch <https://docs.python.org/3/library/unittest.mock.html#patch-methods-start-and-stop>`_.\nThese make it simpler to do requests mocking in ``setup`` methods or where\nyou want to do multiple patches without nesting decorators or with statements.\n\n.. code-block:: python\n\n class TestUnitTestPatchSetup:\n def setup(self):\n \"\"\"Creates ``RequestsMock`` instance and starts it.\"\"\"\n self.r_mock = responses.RequestsMock(assert_all_requests_are_fired=True)\n self.r_mock.start()\n\n # optionally some default responses could be registered\n self.r_mock.get(\"https://example.com\", status=505)\n self.r_mock.put(\"https://example.com\", status=506)\n\n def teardown(self):\n \"\"\"Stops and resets RequestsMock instance.\n\n If ``assert_all_requests_are_fired`` is set to ``True``, will raise an error\n if some requests were not processed.\n \"\"\"\n self.r_mock.stop()\n self.r_mock.reset()\n\n def test_function(self):\n resp = requests.get(\"https://example.com\")\n assert resp.status_code == 505\n\n resp = requests.put(\"https://example.com\")\n assert resp.status_code == 506\n\n\nAssertions on declared responses\n--------------------------------\n\nWhen used as a context manager, Responses will, by default, raise an assertion\nerror if a url was registered but not accessed. This can be disabled by passing\nthe ``assert_all_requests_are_fired`` value:\n\n.. code-block:: python\n\n import responses\n import requests\n\n\n def test_my_api():\n with responses.RequestsMock(assert_all_requests_are_fired=False) as rsps:\n rsps.add(\n responses.GET,\n \"http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar\",\n body=\"{}\",\n status=200,\n content_type=\"application/json\",\n )\n\nAssert Request Call Count\n-------------------------\n\nAssert based on ``Response`` object\n^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n\nEach ``Response`` object has ``call_count`` attribute that could be inspected\nto check how many times each request was matched.\n\n.. code-block:: python\n\n @responses.activate\n def test_call_count_with_matcher():\n rsp = responses.get(\n \"http://www.example.com\",\n match=(matchers.query_param_matcher({}),),\n )\n rsp2 = responses.get(\n \"http://www.example.com\",\n match=(matchers.query_param_matcher({\"hello\": \"world\"}),),\n status=777,\n )\n requests.get(\"http://www.example.com\")\n resp1 = requests.get(\"http://www.example.com\")\n requests.get(\"http://www.example.com?hello=world\")\n resp2 = requests.get(\"http://www.example.com?hello=world\")\n\n assert resp1.status_code == 200\n assert resp2.status_code == 777\n\n assert rsp.call_count == 2\n assert rsp2.call_count == 2\n\nAssert based on the exact URL\n^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n\nAssert that the request was called exactly n times.\n\n.. code-block:: python\n\n import responses\n import requests\n\n\n @responses.activate\n def test_assert_call_count():\n responses.get(\"http://example.com\")\n\n requests.get(\"http://example.com\")\n assert responses.assert_call_count(\"http://example.com\", 1) is True\n\n requests.get(\"http://example.com\")\n with pytest.raises(AssertionError) as excinfo:\n responses.assert_call_count(\"http://example.com\", 1)\n assert (\n \"Expected URL 'http://example.com' to be called 1 times. Called 2 times.\"\n in str(excinfo.value)\n )\n\n\n @responses.activate\n def test_assert_call_count_always_match_qs():\n responses.get(\"http://www.example.com\")\n requests.get(\"http://www.example.com\")\n requests.get(\"http://www.example.com?hello=world\")\n\n # One call on each url, querystring is matched by default\n responses.assert_call_count(\"http://www.example.com\", 1) is True\n responses.assert_call_count(\"http://www.example.com?hello=world\", 1) is True\n\n\nAssert Request Calls data\n-------------------------\n\n``Request`` object has ``calls`` list which elements correspond to ``Call`` objects\nin the global list of ``Registry``. This can be useful when the order of requests is not\nguaranteed, but you need to check their correctness, for example in multithreaded\napplications.\n\n.. code-block:: python\n\n import concurrent.futures\n import responses\n import requests\n\n\n @responses.activate\n def test_assert_calls_on_resp():\n rsp1 = responses.patch(\"http://www.foo.bar/1/\", status=200)\n rsp2 = responses.patch(\"http://www.foo.bar/2/\", status=400)\n rsp3 = responses.patch(\"http://www.foo.bar/3/\", status=200)\n\n def update_user(uid, is_active):\n url = f\"http://www.foo.bar/{uid}/\"\n response = requests.patch(url, json={\"is_active\": is_active})\n return response\n\n with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=3) as executor:\n future_to_uid = {\n executor.submit(update_user, uid, is_active): uid\n for (uid, is_active) in [(\"3\", True), (\"2\", True), (\"1\", False)]\n }\n for future in concurrent.futures.as_completed(future_to_uid):\n uid = future_to_uid[future]\n response = future.result()\n print(f\"{uid} updated with {response.status_code} status code\")\n\n assert len(responses.calls) == 3 # total calls count\n\n assert rsp1.call_count == 1\n assert rsp1.calls[0] in responses.calls\n assert rsp1.calls[0].response.status_code == 200\n assert json.loads(rsp1.calls[0].request.body) == {\"is_active\": False}\n\n assert rsp2.call_count == 1\n assert rsp2.calls[0] in responses.calls\n assert rsp2.calls[0].response.status_code == 400\n assert json.loads(rsp2.calls[0].request.body) == {\"is_active\": True}\n\n assert rsp3.call_count == 1\n assert rsp3.calls[0] in responses.calls\n assert rsp3.calls[0].response.status_code == 200\n assert json.loads(rsp3.calls[0].request.body) == {\"is_active\": True}\n\nMultiple Responses\n------------------\n\nYou can also add multiple responses for the same url:\n\n.. code-block:: python\n\n import responses\n import requests\n\n\n @responses.activate\n def test_my_api():\n responses.get(\"http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar\", status=500)\n responses.get(\n \"http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar\",\n body=\"{}\",\n status=200,\n content_type=\"application/json\",\n )\n\n resp = requests.get(\"http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar\")\n assert resp.status_code == 500\n resp = requests.get(\"http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar\")\n assert resp.status_code == 200\n\n\nURL Redirection\n---------------\n\nIn the following example you can see how to create a redirection chain and add custom exception that will be raised\nin the execution chain and contain the history of redirects.\n\n.. code-block::\n\n A -> 301 redirect -> B\n B -> 301 redirect -> C\n C -> connection issue\n\n.. code-block:: python\n\n import pytest\n import requests\n\n import responses\n\n\n @responses.activate\n def test_redirect():\n # create multiple Response objects where first two contain redirect headers\n rsp1 = responses.Response(\n responses.GET,\n \"http://example.com/1\",\n status=301,\n headers={\"Location\": \"http://example.com/2\"},\n )\n rsp2 = responses.Response(\n responses.GET,\n \"http://example.com/2\",\n status=301,\n headers={\"Location\": \"http://example.com/3\"},\n )\n rsp3 = responses.Response(responses.GET, \"http://example.com/3\", status=200)\n\n # register above generated Responses in ``response`` module\n responses.add(rsp1)\n responses.add(rsp2)\n responses.add(rsp3)\n\n # do the first request in order to generate genuine ``requests`` response\n # this object will contain genuine attributes of the response, like ``history``\n rsp = requests.get(\"http://example.com/1\")\n responses.calls.reset()\n\n # customize exception with ``response`` attribute\n my_error = requests.ConnectionError(\"custom error\")\n my_error.response = rsp\n\n # update body of the 3rd response with Exception, this will be raised during execution\n rsp3.body = my_error\n\n with pytest.raises(requests.ConnectionError) as exc_info:\n requests.get(\"http://example.com/1\")\n\n assert exc_info.value.args[0] == \"custom error\"\n assert rsp1.url in exc_info.value.response.history[0].url\n assert rsp2.url in exc_info.value.response.history[1].url\n\n\nValidate ``Retry`` mechanism\n----------------------------\n\nIf you are using the ``Retry`` features of ``urllib3`` and want to cover scenarios that test your retry limits, you can test those scenarios with ``responses`` as well. The best approach will be to use an `Ordered Registry`_\n\n.. code-block:: python\n\n import requests\n\n import responses\n from responses import registries\n from urllib3.util import Retry\n\n\n @responses.activate(registry=registries.OrderedRegistry)\n def test_max_retries():\n url = \"https://example.com\"\n rsp1 = responses.get(url, body=\"Error\", status=500)\n rsp2 = responses.get(url, body=\"Error\", status=500)\n rsp3 = responses.get(url, body=\"Error\", status=500)\n rsp4 = responses.get(url, body=\"OK\", status=200)\n\n session = requests.Session()\n\n adapter = requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter(\n max_retries=Retry(\n total=4,\n backoff_factor=0.1,\n status_forcelist=[500],\n method_whitelist=[\"GET\", \"POST\", \"PATCH\"],\n )\n )\n session.mount(\"https://\", adapter)\n\n resp = session.get(url)\n\n assert resp.status_code == 200\n assert rsp1.call_count == 1\n assert rsp2.call_count == 1\n assert rsp3.call_count == 1\n assert rsp4.call_count == 1\n\n\nUsing a callback to modify the response\n---------------------------------------\n\nIf you use customized processing in ``requests`` via subclassing/mixins, or if you\nhave library tools that interact with ``requests`` at a low level, you may need\nto add extended processing to the mocked Response object to fully simulate the\nenvironment for your tests. A ``response_callback`` can be used, which will be\nwrapped by the library before being returned to the caller. The callback\naccepts a ``response`` as it's single argument, and is expected to return a\nsingle ``response`` object.\n\n.. code-block:: python\n\n import responses\n import requests\n\n\n def response_callback(resp):\n resp.callback_processed = True\n return resp\n\n\n with responses.RequestsMock(response_callback=response_callback) as m:\n m.add(responses.GET, \"http://example.com\", body=b\"test\")\n resp = requests.get(\"http://example.com\")\n assert resp.text == \"test\"\n assert hasattr(resp, \"callback_processed\")\n assert resp.callback_processed is True\n\n\nPassing through real requests\n-----------------------------\n\nIn some cases you may wish to allow for certain requests to pass through responses\nand hit a real server. This can be done with the ``add_passthru`` methods:\n\n.. code-block:: python\n\n import responses\n\n\n @responses.activate\n def test_my_api():\n responses.add_passthru(\"https://percy.io\")\n\nThis will allow any requests matching that prefix, that is otherwise not\nregistered as a mock response, to passthru using the standard behavior.\n\nPass through endpoints can be configured with regex patterns if you\nneed to allow an entire domain or path subtree to send requests:\n\n.. code-block:: python\n\n responses.add_passthru(re.compile(\"https://percy.io/\\\\w+\"))\n\n\nLastly, you can use the ``passthrough`` argument of the ``Response`` object\nto force a response to behave as a pass through.\n\n.. code-block:: python\n\n # Enable passthrough for a single response\n response = Response(\n responses.GET,\n \"http://example.com\",\n body=\"not used\",\n passthrough=True,\n )\n responses.add(response)\n\n # Use PassthroughResponse\n response = PassthroughResponse(responses.GET, \"http://example.com\")\n responses.add(response)\n\nViewing/Modifying registered responses\n--------------------------------------\n\nRegistered responses are available as a public method of the RequestMock\ninstance. It is sometimes useful for debugging purposes to view the stack of\nregistered responses which can be accessed via ``responses.registered()``.\n\nThe ``replace`` function allows a previously registered ``response`` to be\nchanged. The method signature is identical to ``add``. ``response`` s are\nidentified using ``method`` and ``url``. Only the first matched ``response`` is\nreplaced.\n\n.. code-block:: python\n\n import responses\n import requests\n\n\n @responses.activate\n def test_replace():\n responses.get(\"http://example.org\", json={\"data\": 1})\n responses.replace(responses.GET, \"http://example.org\", json={\"data\": 2})\n\n resp = requests.get(\"http://example.org\")\n\n assert resp.json() == {\"data\": 2}\n\n\nThe ``upsert`` function allows a previously registered ``response`` to be\nchanged like ``replace``. If the response is registered, the ``upsert`` function\nwill registered it like ``add``.\n\n``remove`` takes a ``method`` and ``url`` argument and will remove **all**\nmatched responses from the registered list.\n\nFinally, ``reset`` will reset all registered responses.\n\nCoroutines and Multithreading\n-----------------------------\n\n``responses`` supports both Coroutines and Multithreading out of the box.\nNote, ``responses`` locks threading on ``RequestMock`` object allowing only\nsingle thread to access it.\n\n.. code-block:: python\n\n async def test_async_calls():\n @responses.activate\n async def run():\n responses.get(\n \"http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar\",\n json={\"error\": \"not found\"},\n status=404,\n )\n\n resp = requests.get(\"http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar\")\n assert resp.json() == {\"error\": \"not found\"}\n assert responses.calls[0].request.url == \"http://twitter.com/api/1/foobar\"\n\n await run()\n\n\nContributing\n------------\n\nEnvironment Configuration\n^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n\nResponses uses several linting and autoformatting utilities, so it's important that when\nsubmitting patches you use the appropriate toolchain:\n\nClone the repository:\n\n.. code-block:: shell\n\n git clone https://github.com/getsentry/responses.git\n\nCreate an environment (e.g. with ``virtualenv``):\n\n.. code-block:: shell\n\n virtualenv .env && source .env/bin/activate\n\nConfigure development requirements:\n\n.. code-block:: shell\n\n make develop\n\n\nTests and Code Quality Validation\n^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n\nThe easiest way to validate your code is to run tests via ``tox``.\nCurrent ``tox`` configuration runs the same checks that are used in\nGitHub Actions CI/CD pipeline.\n\nPlease execute the following command line from the project root to validate\nyour code against:\n\n* Unit tests in all Python versions that are supported by this project\n* Type validation via ``mypy``\n* All ``pre-commit`` hooks\n\n.. code-block:: shell\n\n tox\n\nAlternatively, you can always run a single test. See documentation below.\n\nUnit tests\n\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\n\nResponses uses `Pytest <https://docs.pytest.org/en/latest/>`_ for\ntesting. You can run all tests by:\n\n.. code-block:: shell\n\n tox -e py37\n tox -e py310\n\nOR manually activate required version of Python and run\n\n.. code-block:: shell\n\n pytest\n\nAnd run a single test by:\n\n.. code-block:: shell\n\n pytest -k '<test_function_name>'\n\nType Validation\n\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\n\nTo verify ``type`` compliance, run `mypy <https://github.com/python/mypy>`_ linter:\n\n.. code-block:: shell\n\n tox -e mypy\n\nOR\n\n.. code-block:: shell\n\n mypy --config-file=./mypy.ini -p responses\n\nCode Quality and Style\n\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\"\n\nTo check code style and reformat it run:\n\n.. code-block:: shell\n\n tox -e precom\n\nOR\n\n.. code-block:: shell\n\n pre-commit run --all-files\n\n\n",
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