terratorch-surya


Nameterratorch-surya JSON
Version 0.1.0 PyPI version JSON
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SummaryImplementation of the Surya Foundation Model and Downstream Tasks for Heliophysics
upload_time2025-11-04 18:45:22
maintainerSurya Team
docs_urlNone
authorSurya Team
requires_python>=3.11
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keywords deep learning forecasting foundation model heliophysics pytorch solar dynamics solar wind spectformer transformer
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            <div align="center">

This is an adapted version of the original Surya source code to work with [TerraTorch](https://github.com/IBM/terratorch)
# โ˜€๏ธ Surya: Foundation Model for Heliophysics โ˜€๏ธ

[![HuggingFace](https://img.shields.io/badge/๐Ÿค—%20Hugging%20Face-Models-yellow)](https://huggingface.co/nasa-ibm-ai4science)
[![arXiv](https://img.shields.io/badge/arXiv-2508.14112-b31b1b.svg?style=flat)](https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.14112)
[![License](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-Apache%202.0-blue.svg)](https://opensource.org/licenses/Apache-2.0)
   
*The first foundation model for heliophysics trained on full-resolution Solar Dynamics Observatory data*

</div>

<p align="center">
    <img src="https://i.imgur.com/waxVImv.png" alt="Oryx Prithvi-EO-2.0">
</p>



## ๐Ÿ“– Overview

**Surya** (Sanskrit for "Sun") is a 366M-parameter foundation model for heliophysics, trained on full-resolution multi-instrument SDO observations (AIA & HMI). It learns general-purpose solar representations through spatiotemporal transformers, enabling state-of-the-art performance in solar flare forecasting, active region segmentation, solar wind prediction, and EUV spectra modeling.


### Key Features

- **Multi-instrument Learning**: Trained on 13 channels from SDO's AIA (8 channels) and HMI (5 channels) instruments
- **Full Resolution**: Native 4096ร—4096 pixel resolution with 12-minute cadence
- **Novel Architecture**: Spatiotemporal transformer with spectral gating and long-short range attention
- **Zero-shot Capabilities**: Forecasts solar dynamics and flare events without additional training
- **Versatile Fine-tuning**: Parameter-efficient LoRA adaptation for diverse downstream tasks

### What Makes Surya Special?

Unlike traditional task-specific models, Surya learns physics-aware representations that generalize across multiple solar phenomena:

- **Solar Flare Forecasting**
- **Active Region Segmentation**
- **Solar Wind Prediction**
- **EUV Spectra Modeling**

## ๐Ÿš€ Quick Start

### Prerequisites

- Python 3.11+
- CUDA-capable GPU (recommended)
- [uv package manager](https://docs.astral.sh/uv/) (recommended)

### ๐Ÿ› ๏ธ Installation

1. **Clone the repository**
```bash
git clone https://github.com/NASA-IMPACT/Surya.git
cd Surya
```

2. **Install uv package manager (optional)**
```bash
curl -LsSf https://astral.sh/uv/install.sh | sh
source ~/.bashrc
```

3. **Set up the environment**
```bash
uv sync
source .venv/bin/activate
```

### ๐Ÿงช Verify Installation

Run the end-to-end test to ensure everything is working:

```bash
python -m pytest -s -o log_cli=true tests/test_surya.py
```

This will:
- Download the pretrained model and test data
- Generate 2-hour ahead forecasts for 2014-01-07
- Create a validation visualization (`surya_model_validation.png`)
- Verify model inference

Expected output:
```
============================= test session starts ==============================
INFO     test_surya:test_surya.py:188 GPU detected. Running the test on device 0.
INFO     test_surya:test_surya.py:195 Surya FM: 366.19 M total parameters.
INFO     test_surya:test_surya.py:199 Loaded weights.
INFO     test_surya:test_surya.py:201 Starting inference run.
INFO     test_surya:test_surya.py:215 Completed validation run. Local loss 0.31665.
PASSED                                                    [100%]
```

![Sample output of Surya for 2014-01-07](assets/surya_model_validation.png)

## ๐ŸŽฏ Downstream Applications

To download the Surya model and a sample dataset for downstream tasks, please follow these steps:

```bash
# Step 1: Run pytest to download the model and verify dependencies
python -m pytest -s -o log_cli=true tests/test_surya.py  

# Step 2: Navigate to the downstream examples
cd downstream_examples/

# Step 3: Download the sample dataset
python download_data.py
```


### 1. Solar Flare Forecasting

Predict M-class and X-class solar flares up to 24 hours in advance.

```bash
cd downstream_examples/solar_flare_forcasting
python3 download_data.sh
torchrun --nnodes=1 --nproc_per_node=1 --standalone finetune.py
```

### 2. Active Region Segmentation

Segment solar active regions and polarity inversion lines from magnetograms.

```bash
cd downstream_examples/ar_segmentation  
python3 download_data.sh
torchrun --nnodes=1 --nproc_per_node=1 --standalone finetune.py
```

### 3. Solar Wind Forecasting

Predict solar wind speed at L1 point with 4-day lead time.

```bash
cd downstream_examples/solar_wind_forcasting
python3 download_data.sh
torchrun --nnodes=1 --nproc_per_node=1 --standalone finetune.py
```

### 4. EUV Spectra Modeling

Model extreme ultraviolet irradiance across 1343 spectral bands (5-35 nm).

```bash
cd downstream_examples/euv_spectra_prediction
python3 download_data.sh
torchrun --nnodes=1 --nproc_per_node=1 --standalone finetune.py
```


## ๐Ÿ“ฅ Data and Model Access

### Pretrained Models

The Surya foundation model and datasets are available on HuggingFace ๐Ÿค— :

- **Model Repository**: [`nasa-ibm-ai4science/Surya-1.0`](https://huggingface.co/nasa-ibm-ai4science/Surya-1.0)
- **Dataset Repository**: [`nasa-ibm-ai4science/core-sdo`](https://huggingface.co/datasets/nasa-ibm-ai4science/core-sdo)

### SDO Data Download

For downstream applications, download the preprocessed SDO data:

```bash
cd downstream_examples
python download_data.py
```

This will:
1. Download data from HuggingFace repository
2. Extract and organize validation/test datasets  
3. Generate CSV index files for each downstream task
4. Set up data in the expected directory structure


## ๐Ÿ“Š Model Architecture

Surya employs a novel spatiotemporal transformer architecture optimized for solar dynamics:

### Core Components

1. **Spectral Gating Blocks** (2 layers)
   - Frequency-domain filtering with learnable complex weights
   - Adaptive re-weighting of spectral components
   - Noise suppression and feature enhancement

2. **Long-Short Attention Blocks** (8 layers) 
   - **Local attention**: Fine-scale dependencies within spatial windows
   - **Global attention**: Long-range correlations via dynamic projection
   - Multi-scale representation learning

3. **Decoder Block**
   - Lightweight projection back to physical domain
   - Maintains spatial structure and channel relationships

### Training Strategy

- **Phase 1**: One-step ahead forecasting (160k steps, 128 GPUs)
- **Phase 2**: Autoregressive rollout tuning (2-5 hour horizons)
- **Objective**: Mean Squared Error with signum-log normalization
- **Data**: 2011-2019 SDO observations (~257TB processed)


### Data Processing Pipeline

Our preprocessing ensures ML-ready, physics-consistent data:

- **Temporal alignment**: 12-minute cadence across all instruments
- **Spatial registration**: Uniform 0.6"/pixel grid, solar north alignment
- **Calibration**: Instrument degradation correction, exposure normalization
- **Quality control**: Automated flagging and filtering

## ๐Ÿ† Performance Benchmarks

| Task | Metric | Surya | Baseline | Improvement |
|------|---------|-------|----------|-------------|
| Solar Flare Forecasting | TSS | **0.436** | 0.358 (AlexNet) | 22% |
| Active Region Segmentation | IoU | **0.768** | 0.688 (UNet) | 12% |  
| Solar Wind Prediction | RMSE | **75.92** | 93.76 (ResNet50) | 19% |
| EUV Spectra Modeling | MAPE | **1.48%** | 1.68% (AlexNet) | 12% |

## ๐Ÿ“„ Citation

If you use Surya in your research, please cite our paper:

```bibtex
@article{roy2025surya,
  title={Surya: Foundation Model for Heliophysics},
  author={Roy, Sujit and Schmude, Johannes and Lal, Rohit and Gaur, Vishal and Freitag, Marcus and Kuehnert, Julian and van Kessel, Theodore and Hegde, Dinesha V and Mu{\~n}oz-Jaramillo, Andr{\'e}s and Jakubik, Johannes and others},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2508.14112},
  year={2025}
}
```

## ๐Ÿ“œ License

This project is licensed under the Apache License 2.0. See the [LICENSE](LICENSE) file for details.

## ๐Ÿค Contributing

We welcome contributions to the Surya repository! Please see our contribution guidelines and feel free to:

- ๐Ÿ› Report bugs and issues
- ๐Ÿ’ก Suggest new features or applications
- ๐Ÿ”ง Submit pull requests for improvements
- ๐Ÿ“– Improve documentation and examples

            

Raw data

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    "keywords": "deep learning, forecasting, foundation model, heliophysics, pytorch, solar dynamics, solar wind, spectformer, transformer",
    "author": "Surya Team",
    "author_email": null,
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    "description": "<div align=\"center\">\n\nThis is an adapted version of the original Surya source code to work with [TerraTorch](https://github.com/IBM/terratorch)\n# \u2600\ufe0f Surya: Foundation Model for Heliophysics \u2600\ufe0f\n\n[![HuggingFace](https://img.shields.io/badge/\ud83e\udd17%20Hugging%20Face-Models-yellow)](https://huggingface.co/nasa-ibm-ai4science)\n[![arXiv](https://img.shields.io/badge/arXiv-2508.14112-b31b1b.svg?style=flat)](https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.14112)\n[![License](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-Apache%202.0-blue.svg)](https://opensource.org/licenses/Apache-2.0)\n   \n*The first foundation model for heliophysics trained on full-resolution Solar Dynamics Observatory data*\n\n</div>\n\n<p align=\"center\">\n    <img src=\"https://i.imgur.com/waxVImv.png\" alt=\"Oryx Prithvi-EO-2.0\">\n</p>\n\n\n\n## \ud83d\udcd6 Overview\n\n**Surya** (Sanskrit for \"Sun\") is a 366M-parameter foundation model for heliophysics, trained on full-resolution multi-instrument SDO observations (AIA & HMI). It learns general-purpose solar representations through spatiotemporal transformers, enabling state-of-the-art performance in solar flare forecasting, active region segmentation, solar wind prediction, and EUV spectra modeling.\n\n\n### Key Features\n\n- **Multi-instrument Learning**: Trained on 13 channels from SDO's AIA (8 channels) and HMI (5 channels) instruments\n- **Full Resolution**: Native 4096\u00d74096 pixel resolution with 12-minute cadence\n- **Novel Architecture**: Spatiotemporal transformer with spectral gating and long-short range attention\n- **Zero-shot Capabilities**: Forecasts solar dynamics and flare events without additional training\n- **Versatile Fine-tuning**: Parameter-efficient LoRA adaptation for diverse downstream tasks\n\n### What Makes Surya Special?\n\nUnlike traditional task-specific models, Surya learns physics-aware representations that generalize across multiple solar phenomena:\n\n- **Solar Flare Forecasting**\n- **Active Region Segmentation**\n- **Solar Wind Prediction**\n- **EUV Spectra Modeling**\n\n## \ud83d\ude80 Quick Start\n\n### Prerequisites\n\n- Python 3.11+\n- CUDA-capable GPU (recommended)\n- [uv package manager](https://docs.astral.sh/uv/) (recommended)\n\n### \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f Installation\n\n1. **Clone the repository**\n```bash\ngit clone https://github.com/NASA-IMPACT/Surya.git\ncd Surya\n```\n\n2. **Install uv package manager (optional)**\n```bash\ncurl -LsSf https://astral.sh/uv/install.sh | sh\nsource ~/.bashrc\n```\n\n3. **Set up the environment**\n```bash\nuv sync\nsource .venv/bin/activate\n```\n\n### \ud83e\uddea Verify Installation\n\nRun the end-to-end test to ensure everything is working:\n\n```bash\npython -m pytest -s -o log_cli=true tests/test_surya.py\n```\n\nThis will:\n- Download the pretrained model and test data\n- Generate 2-hour ahead forecasts for 2014-01-07\n- Create a validation visualization (`surya_model_validation.png`)\n- Verify model inference\n\nExpected output:\n```\n============================= test session starts ==============================\nINFO     test_surya:test_surya.py:188 GPU detected. Running the test on device 0.\nINFO     test_surya:test_surya.py:195 Surya FM: 366.19 M total parameters.\nINFO     test_surya:test_surya.py:199 Loaded weights.\nINFO     test_surya:test_surya.py:201 Starting inference run.\nINFO     test_surya:test_surya.py:215 Completed validation run. Local loss 0.31665.\nPASSED                                                    [100%]\n```\n\n![Sample output of Surya for 2014-01-07](assets/surya_model_validation.png)\n\n## \ud83c\udfaf Downstream Applications\n\nTo download the Surya model and a sample dataset for downstream tasks, please follow these steps:\n\n```bash\n# Step 1: Run pytest to download the model and verify dependencies\npython -m pytest -s -o log_cli=true tests/test_surya.py  \n\n# Step 2: Navigate to the downstream examples\ncd downstream_examples/\n\n# Step 3: Download the sample dataset\npython download_data.py\n```\n\n\n### 1. Solar Flare Forecasting\n\nPredict M-class and X-class solar flares up to 24 hours in advance.\n\n```bash\ncd downstream_examples/solar_flare_forcasting\npython3 download_data.sh\ntorchrun --nnodes=1 --nproc_per_node=1 --standalone finetune.py\n```\n\n### 2. Active Region Segmentation\n\nSegment solar active regions and polarity inversion lines from magnetograms.\n\n```bash\ncd downstream_examples/ar_segmentation  \npython3 download_data.sh\ntorchrun --nnodes=1 --nproc_per_node=1 --standalone finetune.py\n```\n\n### 3. Solar Wind Forecasting\n\nPredict solar wind speed at L1 point with 4-day lead time.\n\n```bash\ncd downstream_examples/solar_wind_forcasting\npython3 download_data.sh\ntorchrun --nnodes=1 --nproc_per_node=1 --standalone finetune.py\n```\n\n### 4. EUV Spectra Modeling\n\nModel extreme ultraviolet irradiance across 1343 spectral bands (5-35 nm).\n\n```bash\ncd downstream_examples/euv_spectra_prediction\npython3 download_data.sh\ntorchrun --nnodes=1 --nproc_per_node=1 --standalone finetune.py\n```\n\n\n## \ud83d\udce5 Data and Model Access\n\n### Pretrained Models\n\nThe Surya foundation model and datasets are available on HuggingFace \ud83e\udd17 :\n\n- **Model Repository**: [`nasa-ibm-ai4science/Surya-1.0`](https://huggingface.co/nasa-ibm-ai4science/Surya-1.0)\n- **Dataset Repository**: [`nasa-ibm-ai4science/core-sdo`](https://huggingface.co/datasets/nasa-ibm-ai4science/core-sdo)\n\n### SDO Data Download\n\nFor downstream applications, download the preprocessed SDO data:\n\n```bash\ncd downstream_examples\npython download_data.py\n```\n\nThis will:\n1. Download data from HuggingFace repository\n2. Extract and organize validation/test datasets  \n3. Generate CSV index files for each downstream task\n4. Set up data in the expected directory structure\n\n\n## \ud83d\udcca Model Architecture\n\nSurya employs a novel spatiotemporal transformer architecture optimized for solar dynamics:\n\n### Core Components\n\n1. **Spectral Gating Blocks** (2 layers)\n   - Frequency-domain filtering with learnable complex weights\n   - Adaptive re-weighting of spectral components\n   - Noise suppression and feature enhancement\n\n2. **Long-Short Attention Blocks** (8 layers) \n   - **Local attention**: Fine-scale dependencies within spatial windows\n   - **Global attention**: Long-range correlations via dynamic projection\n   - Multi-scale representation learning\n\n3. **Decoder Block**\n   - Lightweight projection back to physical domain\n   - Maintains spatial structure and channel relationships\n\n### Training Strategy\n\n- **Phase 1**: One-step ahead forecasting (160k steps, 128 GPUs)\n- **Phase 2**: Autoregressive rollout tuning (2-5 hour horizons)\n- **Objective**: Mean Squared Error with signum-log normalization\n- **Data**: 2011-2019 SDO observations (~257TB processed)\n\n\n### Data Processing Pipeline\n\nOur preprocessing ensures ML-ready, physics-consistent data:\n\n- **Temporal alignment**: 12-minute cadence across all instruments\n- **Spatial registration**: Uniform 0.6\"/pixel grid, solar north alignment\n- **Calibration**: Instrument degradation correction, exposure normalization\n- **Quality control**: Automated flagging and filtering\n\n## \ud83c\udfc6 Performance Benchmarks\n\n| Task | Metric | Surya | Baseline | Improvement |\n|------|---------|-------|----------|-------------|\n| Solar Flare Forecasting | TSS | **0.436** | 0.358 (AlexNet) | 22% |\n| Active Region Segmentation | IoU | **0.768** | 0.688 (UNet) | 12% |  \n| Solar Wind Prediction | RMSE | **75.92** | 93.76 (ResNet50) | 19% |\n| EUV Spectra Modeling | MAPE | **1.48%** | 1.68% (AlexNet) | 12% |\n\n## \ud83d\udcc4 Citation\n\nIf you use Surya in your research, please cite our paper:\n\n```bibtex\n@article{roy2025surya,\n  title={Surya: Foundation Model for Heliophysics},\n  author={Roy, Sujit and Schmude, Johannes and Lal, Rohit and Gaur, Vishal and Freitag, Marcus and Kuehnert, Julian and van Kessel, Theodore and Hegde, Dinesha V and Mu{\\~n}oz-Jaramillo, Andr{\\'e}s and Jakubik, Johannes and others},\n  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2508.14112},\n  year={2025}\n}\n```\n\n## \ud83d\udcdc License\n\nThis project is licensed under the Apache License 2.0. See the [LICENSE](LICENSE) file for details.\n\n## \ud83e\udd1d Contributing\n\nWe welcome contributions to the Surya repository! Please see our contribution guidelines and feel free to:\n\n- \ud83d\udc1b Report bugs and issues\n- \ud83d\udca1 Suggest new features or applications\n- \ud83d\udd27 Submit pull requests for improvements\n- \ud83d\udcd6 Improve documentation and examples\n",
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    "license": "Apache License\n                                   Version 2.0, January 2004\n                                http://www.apache.org/licenses/\n        \n           TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION\n        \n           1. Definitions.\n        \n              \"License\" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,\n              and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.\n        \n              \"Licensor\" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by\n              the copyright owner that is granting the License.\n        \n              \"Legal Entity\" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all\n              other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common\n              control with that entity. 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