| Name | terratorch-surya JSON |
| Version |
0.1.0
JSON |
| download |
| home_page | None |
| Summary | Implementation of the Surya Foundation Model and Downstream Tasks for Heliophysics |
| upload_time | 2025-11-04 18:45:22 |
| maintainer | Surya Team |
| docs_url | None |
| author | Surya Team |
| requires_python | >=3.11 |
| license | Apache License
Version 2.0, January 2004
http://www.apache.org/licenses/
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| keywords |
deep learning
forecasting
foundation model
heliophysics
pytorch
solar dynamics
solar wind
spectformer
transformer
|
| VCS |
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<div align="center">
This is an adapted version of the original Surya source code to work with [TerraTorch](https://github.com/IBM/terratorch)
# โ๏ธ Surya: Foundation Model for Heliophysics โ๏ธ
[](https://huggingface.co/nasa-ibm-ai4science)
[](https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.14112)
[](https://opensource.org/licenses/Apache-2.0)
*The first foundation model for heliophysics trained on full-resolution Solar Dynamics Observatory data*
</div>
<p align="center">
<img src="https://i.imgur.com/waxVImv.png" alt="Oryx Prithvi-EO-2.0">
</p>
## ๐ Overview
**Surya** (Sanskrit for "Sun") is a 366M-parameter foundation model for heliophysics, trained on full-resolution multi-instrument SDO observations (AIA & HMI). It learns general-purpose solar representations through spatiotemporal transformers, enabling state-of-the-art performance in solar flare forecasting, active region segmentation, solar wind prediction, and EUV spectra modeling.
### Key Features
- **Multi-instrument Learning**: Trained on 13 channels from SDO's AIA (8 channels) and HMI (5 channels) instruments
- **Full Resolution**: Native 4096ร4096 pixel resolution with 12-minute cadence
- **Novel Architecture**: Spatiotemporal transformer with spectral gating and long-short range attention
- **Zero-shot Capabilities**: Forecasts solar dynamics and flare events without additional training
- **Versatile Fine-tuning**: Parameter-efficient LoRA adaptation for diverse downstream tasks
### What Makes Surya Special?
Unlike traditional task-specific models, Surya learns physics-aware representations that generalize across multiple solar phenomena:
- **Solar Flare Forecasting**
- **Active Region Segmentation**
- **Solar Wind Prediction**
- **EUV Spectra Modeling**
## ๐ Quick Start
### Prerequisites
- Python 3.11+
- CUDA-capable GPU (recommended)
- [uv package manager](https://docs.astral.sh/uv/) (recommended)
### ๐ ๏ธ Installation
1. **Clone the repository**
```bash
git clone https://github.com/NASA-IMPACT/Surya.git
cd Surya
```
2. **Install uv package manager (optional)**
```bash
curl -LsSf https://astral.sh/uv/install.sh | sh
source ~/.bashrc
```
3. **Set up the environment**
```bash
uv sync
source .venv/bin/activate
```
### ๐งช Verify Installation
Run the end-to-end test to ensure everything is working:
```bash
python -m pytest -s -o log_cli=true tests/test_surya.py
```
This will:
- Download the pretrained model and test data
- Generate 2-hour ahead forecasts for 2014-01-07
- Create a validation visualization (`surya_model_validation.png`)
- Verify model inference
Expected output:
```
============================= test session starts ==============================
INFO test_surya:test_surya.py:188 GPU detected. Running the test on device 0.
INFO test_surya:test_surya.py:195 Surya FM: 366.19 M total parameters.
INFO test_surya:test_surya.py:199 Loaded weights.
INFO test_surya:test_surya.py:201 Starting inference run.
INFO test_surya:test_surya.py:215 Completed validation run. Local loss 0.31665.
PASSED [100%]
```

## ๐ฏ Downstream Applications
To download the Surya model and a sample dataset for downstream tasks, please follow these steps:
```bash
# Step 1: Run pytest to download the model and verify dependencies
python -m pytest -s -o log_cli=true tests/test_surya.py
# Step 2: Navigate to the downstream examples
cd downstream_examples/
# Step 3: Download the sample dataset
python download_data.py
```
### 1. Solar Flare Forecasting
Predict M-class and X-class solar flares up to 24 hours in advance.
```bash
cd downstream_examples/solar_flare_forcasting
python3 download_data.sh
torchrun --nnodes=1 --nproc_per_node=1 --standalone finetune.py
```
### 2. Active Region Segmentation
Segment solar active regions and polarity inversion lines from magnetograms.
```bash
cd downstream_examples/ar_segmentation
python3 download_data.sh
torchrun --nnodes=1 --nproc_per_node=1 --standalone finetune.py
```
### 3. Solar Wind Forecasting
Predict solar wind speed at L1 point with 4-day lead time.
```bash
cd downstream_examples/solar_wind_forcasting
python3 download_data.sh
torchrun --nnodes=1 --nproc_per_node=1 --standalone finetune.py
```
### 4. EUV Spectra Modeling
Model extreme ultraviolet irradiance across 1343 spectral bands (5-35 nm).
```bash
cd downstream_examples/euv_spectra_prediction
python3 download_data.sh
torchrun --nnodes=1 --nproc_per_node=1 --standalone finetune.py
```
## ๐ฅ Data and Model Access
### Pretrained Models
The Surya foundation model and datasets are available on HuggingFace ๐ค :
- **Model Repository**: [`nasa-ibm-ai4science/Surya-1.0`](https://huggingface.co/nasa-ibm-ai4science/Surya-1.0)
- **Dataset Repository**: [`nasa-ibm-ai4science/core-sdo`](https://huggingface.co/datasets/nasa-ibm-ai4science/core-sdo)
### SDO Data Download
For downstream applications, download the preprocessed SDO data:
```bash
cd downstream_examples
python download_data.py
```
This will:
1. Download data from HuggingFace repository
2. Extract and organize validation/test datasets
3. Generate CSV index files for each downstream task
4. Set up data in the expected directory structure
## ๐ Model Architecture
Surya employs a novel spatiotemporal transformer architecture optimized for solar dynamics:
### Core Components
1. **Spectral Gating Blocks** (2 layers)
- Frequency-domain filtering with learnable complex weights
- Adaptive re-weighting of spectral components
- Noise suppression and feature enhancement
2. **Long-Short Attention Blocks** (8 layers)
- **Local attention**: Fine-scale dependencies within spatial windows
- **Global attention**: Long-range correlations via dynamic projection
- Multi-scale representation learning
3. **Decoder Block**
- Lightweight projection back to physical domain
- Maintains spatial structure and channel relationships
### Training Strategy
- **Phase 1**: One-step ahead forecasting (160k steps, 128 GPUs)
- **Phase 2**: Autoregressive rollout tuning (2-5 hour horizons)
- **Objective**: Mean Squared Error with signum-log normalization
- **Data**: 2011-2019 SDO observations (~257TB processed)
### Data Processing Pipeline
Our preprocessing ensures ML-ready, physics-consistent data:
- **Temporal alignment**: 12-minute cadence across all instruments
- **Spatial registration**: Uniform 0.6"/pixel grid, solar north alignment
- **Calibration**: Instrument degradation correction, exposure normalization
- **Quality control**: Automated flagging and filtering
## ๐ Performance Benchmarks
| Task | Metric | Surya | Baseline | Improvement |
|------|---------|-------|----------|-------------|
| Solar Flare Forecasting | TSS | **0.436** | 0.358 (AlexNet) | 22% |
| Active Region Segmentation | IoU | **0.768** | 0.688 (UNet) | 12% |
| Solar Wind Prediction | RMSE | **75.92** | 93.76 (ResNet50) | 19% |
| EUV Spectra Modeling | MAPE | **1.48%** | 1.68% (AlexNet) | 12% |
## ๐ Citation
If you use Surya in your research, please cite our paper:
```bibtex
@article{roy2025surya,
title={Surya: Foundation Model for Heliophysics},
author={Roy, Sujit and Schmude, Johannes and Lal, Rohit and Gaur, Vishal and Freitag, Marcus and Kuehnert, Julian and van Kessel, Theodore and Hegde, Dinesha V and Mu{\~n}oz-Jaramillo, Andr{\'e}s and Jakubik, Johannes and others},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2508.14112},
year={2025}
}
```
## ๐ License
This project is licensed under the Apache License 2.0. See the [LICENSE](LICENSE) file for details.
## ๐ค Contributing
We welcome contributions to the Surya repository! Please see our contribution guidelines and feel free to:
- ๐ Report bugs and issues
- ๐ก Suggest new features or applications
- ๐ง Submit pull requests for improvements
- ๐ Improve documentation and examples
Raw data
{
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"maintainer": "Surya Team",
"docs_url": null,
"requires_python": ">=3.11",
"maintainer_email": null,
"keywords": "deep learning, forecasting, foundation model, heliophysics, pytorch, solar dynamics, solar wind, spectformer, transformer",
"author": "Surya Team",
"author_email": null,
"download_url": "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/94/ee/eab12458248e968d17653b7ddd29255a1243c2c8018689ca1b208633c569/terratorch_surya-0.1.0.tar.gz",
"platform": null,
"description": "<div align=\"center\">\n\nThis is an adapted version of the original Surya source code to work with [TerraTorch](https://github.com/IBM/terratorch)\n# \u2600\ufe0f Surya: Foundation Model for Heliophysics \u2600\ufe0f\n\n[](https://huggingface.co/nasa-ibm-ai4science)\n[](https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.14112)\n[](https://opensource.org/licenses/Apache-2.0)\n \n*The first foundation model for heliophysics trained on full-resolution Solar Dynamics Observatory data*\n\n</div>\n\n<p align=\"center\">\n <img src=\"https://i.imgur.com/waxVImv.png\" alt=\"Oryx Prithvi-EO-2.0\">\n</p>\n\n\n\n## \ud83d\udcd6 Overview\n\n**Surya** (Sanskrit for \"Sun\") is a 366M-parameter foundation model for heliophysics, trained on full-resolution multi-instrument SDO observations (AIA & HMI). It learns general-purpose solar representations through spatiotemporal transformers, enabling state-of-the-art performance in solar flare forecasting, active region segmentation, solar wind prediction, and EUV spectra modeling.\n\n\n### Key Features\n\n- **Multi-instrument Learning**: Trained on 13 channels from SDO's AIA (8 channels) and HMI (5 channels) instruments\n- **Full Resolution**: Native 4096\u00d74096 pixel resolution with 12-minute cadence\n- **Novel Architecture**: Spatiotemporal transformer with spectral gating and long-short range attention\n- **Zero-shot Capabilities**: Forecasts solar dynamics and flare events without additional training\n- **Versatile Fine-tuning**: Parameter-efficient LoRA adaptation for diverse downstream tasks\n\n### What Makes Surya Special?\n\nUnlike traditional task-specific models, Surya learns physics-aware representations that generalize across multiple solar phenomena:\n\n- **Solar Flare Forecasting**\n- **Active Region Segmentation**\n- **Solar Wind Prediction**\n- **EUV Spectra Modeling**\n\n## \ud83d\ude80 Quick Start\n\n### Prerequisites\n\n- Python 3.11+\n- CUDA-capable GPU (recommended)\n- [uv package manager](https://docs.astral.sh/uv/) (recommended)\n\n### \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f Installation\n\n1. **Clone the repository**\n```bash\ngit clone https://github.com/NASA-IMPACT/Surya.git\ncd Surya\n```\n\n2. **Install uv package manager (optional)**\n```bash\ncurl -LsSf https://astral.sh/uv/install.sh | sh\nsource ~/.bashrc\n```\n\n3. **Set up the environment**\n```bash\nuv sync\nsource .venv/bin/activate\n```\n\n### \ud83e\uddea Verify Installation\n\nRun the end-to-end test to ensure everything is working:\n\n```bash\npython -m pytest -s -o log_cli=true tests/test_surya.py\n```\n\nThis will:\n- Download the pretrained model and test data\n- Generate 2-hour ahead forecasts for 2014-01-07\n- Create a validation visualization (`surya_model_validation.png`)\n- Verify model inference\n\nExpected output:\n```\n============================= test session starts ==============================\nINFO test_surya:test_surya.py:188 GPU detected. Running the test on device 0.\nINFO test_surya:test_surya.py:195 Surya FM: 366.19 M total parameters.\nINFO test_surya:test_surya.py:199 Loaded weights.\nINFO test_surya:test_surya.py:201 Starting inference run.\nINFO test_surya:test_surya.py:215 Completed validation run. Local loss 0.31665.\nPASSED [100%]\n```\n\n\n\n## \ud83c\udfaf Downstream Applications\n\nTo download the Surya model and a sample dataset for downstream tasks, please follow these steps:\n\n```bash\n# Step 1: Run pytest to download the model and verify dependencies\npython -m pytest -s -o log_cli=true tests/test_surya.py \n\n# Step 2: Navigate to the downstream examples\ncd downstream_examples/\n\n# Step 3: Download the sample dataset\npython download_data.py\n```\n\n\n### 1. Solar Flare Forecasting\n\nPredict M-class and X-class solar flares up to 24 hours in advance.\n\n```bash\ncd downstream_examples/solar_flare_forcasting\npython3 download_data.sh\ntorchrun --nnodes=1 --nproc_per_node=1 --standalone finetune.py\n```\n\n### 2. Active Region Segmentation\n\nSegment solar active regions and polarity inversion lines from magnetograms.\n\n```bash\ncd downstream_examples/ar_segmentation \npython3 download_data.sh\ntorchrun --nnodes=1 --nproc_per_node=1 --standalone finetune.py\n```\n\n### 3. Solar Wind Forecasting\n\nPredict solar wind speed at L1 point with 4-day lead time.\n\n```bash\ncd downstream_examples/solar_wind_forcasting\npython3 download_data.sh\ntorchrun --nnodes=1 --nproc_per_node=1 --standalone finetune.py\n```\n\n### 4. EUV Spectra Modeling\n\nModel extreme ultraviolet irradiance across 1343 spectral bands (5-35 nm).\n\n```bash\ncd downstream_examples/euv_spectra_prediction\npython3 download_data.sh\ntorchrun --nnodes=1 --nproc_per_node=1 --standalone finetune.py\n```\n\n\n## \ud83d\udce5 Data and Model Access\n\n### Pretrained Models\n\nThe Surya foundation model and datasets are available on HuggingFace \ud83e\udd17 :\n\n- **Model Repository**: [`nasa-ibm-ai4science/Surya-1.0`](https://huggingface.co/nasa-ibm-ai4science/Surya-1.0)\n- **Dataset Repository**: [`nasa-ibm-ai4science/core-sdo`](https://huggingface.co/datasets/nasa-ibm-ai4science/core-sdo)\n\n### SDO Data Download\n\nFor downstream applications, download the preprocessed SDO data:\n\n```bash\ncd downstream_examples\npython download_data.py\n```\n\nThis will:\n1. Download data from HuggingFace repository\n2. Extract and organize validation/test datasets \n3. Generate CSV index files for each downstream task\n4. Set up data in the expected directory structure\n\n\n## \ud83d\udcca Model Architecture\n\nSurya employs a novel spatiotemporal transformer architecture optimized for solar dynamics:\n\n### Core Components\n\n1. **Spectral Gating Blocks** (2 layers)\n - Frequency-domain filtering with learnable complex weights\n - Adaptive re-weighting of spectral components\n - Noise suppression and feature enhancement\n\n2. **Long-Short Attention Blocks** (8 layers) \n - **Local attention**: Fine-scale dependencies within spatial windows\n - **Global attention**: Long-range correlations via dynamic projection\n - Multi-scale representation learning\n\n3. **Decoder Block**\n - Lightweight projection back to physical domain\n - Maintains spatial structure and channel relationships\n\n### Training Strategy\n\n- **Phase 1**: One-step ahead forecasting (160k steps, 128 GPUs)\n- **Phase 2**: Autoregressive rollout tuning (2-5 hour horizons)\n- **Objective**: Mean Squared Error with signum-log normalization\n- **Data**: 2011-2019 SDO observations (~257TB processed)\n\n\n### Data Processing Pipeline\n\nOur preprocessing ensures ML-ready, physics-consistent data:\n\n- **Temporal alignment**: 12-minute cadence across all instruments\n- **Spatial registration**: Uniform 0.6\"/pixel grid, solar north alignment\n- **Calibration**: Instrument degradation correction, exposure normalization\n- **Quality control**: Automated flagging and filtering\n\n## \ud83c\udfc6 Performance Benchmarks\n\n| Task | Metric | Surya | Baseline | Improvement |\n|------|---------|-------|----------|-------------|\n| Solar Flare Forecasting | TSS | **0.436** | 0.358 (AlexNet) | 22% |\n| Active Region Segmentation | IoU | **0.768** | 0.688 (UNet) | 12% | \n| Solar Wind Prediction | RMSE | **75.92** | 93.76 (ResNet50) | 19% |\n| EUV Spectra Modeling | MAPE | **1.48%** | 1.68% (AlexNet) | 12% |\n\n## \ud83d\udcc4 Citation\n\nIf you use Surya in your research, please cite our paper:\n\n```bibtex\n@article{roy2025surya,\n title={Surya: Foundation Model for Heliophysics},\n author={Roy, Sujit and Schmude, Johannes and Lal, Rohit and Gaur, Vishal and Freitag, Marcus and Kuehnert, Julian and van Kessel, Theodore and Hegde, Dinesha V and Mu{\\~n}oz-Jaramillo, Andr{\\'e}s and Jakubik, Johannes and others},\n journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2508.14112},\n year={2025}\n}\n```\n\n## \ud83d\udcdc License\n\nThis project is licensed under the Apache License 2.0. See the [LICENSE](LICENSE) file for details.\n\n## \ud83e\udd1d Contributing\n\nWe welcome contributions to the Surya repository! Please see our contribution guidelines and feel free to:\n\n- \ud83d\udc1b Report bugs and issues\n- \ud83d\udca1 Suggest new features or applications\n- \ud83d\udd27 Submit pull requests for improvements\n- \ud83d\udcd6 Improve documentation and examples\n",
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