[](https://xrpl-py.readthedocs.io/)
# xrpl-py
A pure Python implementation for interacting with the [XRP Ledger](https://xrpl.org/).
The `xrpl-py` library simplifies the hardest parts of XRP Ledger interaction, like serialization and transaction signing. It also provides native Python methods and models for [XRP Ledger transactions](https://xrpl.org/transaction-formats.html) and core server [API](https://xrpl.org/api-conventions.html) ([`rippled`](https://github.com/ripple/rippled)) objects.
As an example, this is how you would use this library to send a payment on testnet:
```py
from xrpl.account import get_balance
from xrpl.clients import JsonRpcClient
from xrpl.models import Payment, Tx
from xrpl.transaction import submit_and_wait
from xrpl.wallet import generate_faucet_wallet
# Create a client to connect to the test network
client = JsonRpcClient("https://s.altnet.rippletest.net:51234")
# Create two wallets to send money between on the test network
wallet1 = generate_faucet_wallet(client, debug=True)
wallet2 = generate_faucet_wallet(client, debug=True)
# Both balances should be zero since nothing has been sent yet
print("Balances of wallets before Payment tx")
print(get_balance(wallet1.address, client))
print(get_balance(wallet2.address, client))
# Create a Payment transaction from wallet1 to wallet2
payment_tx = Payment(
account=wallet1.address,
amount="1000",
destination=wallet2.address,
)
# Submit the payment to the network and wait to see a response
# Behind the scenes, this fills in fields which can be looked up automatically like the fee.
# It also signs the transaction with wallet1 to prove you own the account you're paying from.
payment_response = submit_and_wait(payment_tx, client, wallet1)
print("Transaction was submitted")
# Create a "Tx" request to look up the transaction on the ledger
tx_response = client.request(Tx(transaction=payment_response.result["hash"]))
# Check whether the transaction was actually validated on ledger
print("Validated:", tx_response.result["validated"])
# Check balances after 1000 drops (.001 XRP) was sent from wallet1 to wallet2
print("Balances of wallets after Payment tx:")
print(get_balance(wallet1.address, client))
print(get_balance(wallet2.address, client))
```
[](https://pepy.tech/project/xrpl-py/month)
[](https://github.com/xpring-eng/xrpl-py/graphs/contributors)
## Installation and supported versions
The `xrpl-py` library is available on [PyPI](https://pypi.org/). Install with `pip`:
```
pip3 install xrpl-py
```
The library supports [Python 3.7](https://www.python.org/downloads/) and later.
[](https://pypi.org/project/xrpl-py)
## Features
Use `xrpl-py` to build Python applications that leverage the [XRP Ledger](https://xrpl.org/). The library helps with all aspects of interacting with the XRP Ledger, including:
* Key and wallet management
* Serialization
* Transaction Signing
`xrpl-py` also provides:
* A network client — See [`xrpl.clients`](https://xrpl-py.readthedocs.io/en/stable/source/xrpl.clients.html) for more information.
* Methods for inspecting accounts — See [XRPL Account Methods](https://xrpl-py.readthedocs.io/en/stable/source/xrpl.account.html) for more information.
* Codecs for encoding and decoding addresses and other objects — See [Core Codecs](https://xrpl-py.readthedocs.io/en/stable/source/xrpl.core.html) for more information.
## [➡️ Reference Documentation](https://xrpl-py.readthedocs.io/en/stable/)
See the complete [`xrpl-py` reference documentation on Read the Docs](https://xrpl-py.readthedocs.io/en/stable/index.html).
## Usage
The following sections describe some of the most commonly used modules in the `xrpl-py` library and provide sample code.
### Network client
Use the `xrpl.clients` library to create a network client for connecting to the XRP Ledger.
```py
from xrpl.clients import JsonRpcClient
JSON_RPC_URL = "https://s.altnet.rippletest.net:51234"
client = JsonRpcClient(JSON_RPC_URL)
```
### Manage keys and wallets
#### `xrpl.wallet`
Use the [`xrpl.wallet`](https://xrpl-py.readthedocs.io/en/stable/source/xrpl.wallet.html) module to create a wallet from a given seed or or via a [Testnet faucet](https://xrpl.org/xrp-testnet-faucet.html).
To create a wallet from a seed (in this case, the value generated using [`xrpl.keypairs`](#xrpl-keypairs)):
```py
wallet_from_seed = xrpl.wallet.Wallet.from_seed(seed)
print(wallet_from_seed)
# pub_key: ED46949E414A3D6D758D347BAEC9340DC78F7397FEE893132AAF5D56E4D7DE77B0
# priv_key: -HIDDEN-
# address: rG5ZvYsK5BPi9f1Nb8mhFGDTNMJhEhufn6
```
To create a wallet from a Testnet faucet:
```py
test_wallet = generate_faucet_wallet(client)
test_account = test_wallet.address
print("Classic address:", test_account)
# Classic address: rEQB2hhp3rg7sHj6L8YyR4GG47Cb7pfcuw
```
#### `xrpl.core.keypairs`
Use the [`xrpl.core.keypairs`](https://xrpl-py.readthedocs.io/en/stable/source/xrpl.core.keypairs.html#module-xrpl.core.keypairs) module to generate seeds and derive keypairs and addresses from those seed values.
Here's an example of how to generate a `seed` value and derive an [XRP Ledger "classic" address](https://xrpl.org/cryptographic-keys.html#account-id-and-address) from that seed.
```py
from xrpl.core import keypairs
seed = keypairs.generate_seed()
public, private = keypairs.derive_keypair(seed)
test_account = keypairs.derive_classic_address(public)
print("Here's the public key:")
print(public)
print("Here's the private key:")
print(private)
print("Store this in a secure place!")
# Here's the public key:
# ED3CC1BBD0952A60088E89FA502921895FC81FBD79CAE9109A8FE2D23659AD5D56
# Here's the private key:
# EDE65EE7882847EF5345A43BFB8E6F5EEC60F45461696C384639B99B26AAA7A5CD
# Store this in a secure place!
```
**Note:** You can use `xrpl.core.keypairs.sign` to sign transactions but `xrpl-py` also provides explicit methods for safely signing and submitting transactions. See [Transaction Signing](#transaction-signing) and [XRPL Transaction Methods](https://xrpl-py.readthedocs.io/en/stable/source/xrpl.transaction.html#module-xrpl.transaction) for more information.
### Serialize and sign transactions
To securely submit transactions to the XRP Ledger, you need to first serialize data from JSON and other formats into the [XRP Ledger's canonical format](https://xrpl.org/serialization.html), then to [authorize the transaction](https://xrpl.org/transaction-basics.html#authorizing-transactions) by digitally [signing it](https://xrpl-py.readthedocs.io/en/stable/source/xrpl.core.keypairs.html?highlight=sign#xrpl.core.keypairs.sign) with the account's private key. The `xrpl-py` library provides several methods to simplify this process.
Use the [`xrpl.transaction`](https://xrpl-py.readthedocs.io/en/stable/source/xrpl.transaction.html) module to sign and submit transactions. The module offers three ways to do this:
* [`sign_and_submit`](https://xrpl-py.readthedocs.io/en/stable/source/xrpl.transaction.html#xrpl.transaction.sign_and_submit) — Signs a transaction locally, then submits it to the XRP Ledger. This method does not implement [reliable transaction submission](https://xrpl.org/reliable-transaction-submission.html#reliable-transaction-submission) best practices, so only use it for development or testing purposes.
* [`sign`](https://xrpl-py.readthedocs.io/en/stable/source/xrpl.transaction.html#xrpl.transaction.sign) — Signs a transaction locally. This method **does not** submit the transaction to the XRP Ledger.
* [`submit_and_wait`](https://xrpl-py.readthedocs.io/en/stable/source/xrpl.transaction.html#xrpl.transaction.submit_and_wait) — An implementation of the [reliable transaction submission guidelines](https://xrpl.org/reliable-transaction-submission.html#reliable-transaction-submission), this method submits a signed transaction to the XRP Ledger and then verifies that it has been included in a validated ledger (or has failed to do so). Use this method to submit transactions for production purposes.
```py
from xrpl.models.transactions import Payment
from xrpl.transaction import sign, submit_and_wait
from xrpl.ledger import get_latest_validated_ledger_sequence
from xrpl.account import get_next_valid_seq_number
current_validated_ledger = get_latest_validated_ledger_sequence(client)
# prepare the transaction
# the amount is expressed in drops, not XRP
# see https://xrpl.org/basic-data-types.html#specifying-currency-amounts
my_tx_payment = Payment(
account=test_wallet.address,
amount="2200000",
destination="rPT1Sjq2YGrBMTttX4GZHjKu9dyfzbpAYe",
last_ledger_sequence=current_validated_ledger + 20,
sequence=get_next_valid_seq_number(test_wallet.address, client),
fee="10",
)
# sign the transaction
my_tx_payment_signed = sign(my_tx_payment,test_wallet)
# submit the transaction
tx_response = submit_and_wait(my_tx_payment_signed, client)
```
#### Get fee from the XRP Ledger
In most cases, you can specify the minimum [transaction cost](https://xrpl.org/transaction-cost.html#current-transaction-cost) of `"10"` for the `fee` field unless you have a strong reason not to. But if you want to get the [current load-balanced transaction cost](https://xrpl.org/transaction-cost.html#current-transaction-cost) from the network, you can use the `get_fee` function:
```py
from xrpl.ledger import get_fee
fee = get_fee(client)
print(fee)
# 10
```
#### Auto-filled fields
The `xrpl-py` library automatically populates the `fee`, `sequence` and `last_ledger_sequence` fields when you create transactions. In the example above, you could omit those fields and let the library fill them in for you.
```py
from xrpl.models.transactions import Payment
from xrpl.transaction import submit_and_wait, autofill_and_sign
# prepare the transaction
# the amount is expressed in drops, not XRP
# see https://xrpl.org/basic-data-types.html#specifying-currency-amounts
my_tx_payment = Payment(
account=test_wallet.address,
amount="2200000",
destination="rPT1Sjq2YGrBMTttX4GZHjKu9dyfzbpAYe"
)
# sign the transaction with the autofill method
# (this will auto-populate the fee, sequence, and last_ledger_sequence)
my_tx_payment_signed = autofill_and_sign(my_tx_payment, client, test_wallet)
print(my_tx_payment_signed)
# Payment(
# account='rMPUKmzmDWEX1tQhzQ8oGFNfAEhnWNFwz',
# transaction_type=<TransactionType.PAYMENT: 'Payment'>,
# fee='10',
# sequence=16034065,
# account_txn_id=None,
# flags=0,
# last_ledger_sequence=10268600,
# memos=None,
# signers=None,
# source_tag=None,
# signing_pub_key='EDD9540FA398915F0BCBD6E65579C03BE5424836CB68B7EB1D6573F2382156B444',
# txn_signature='938FB22AE7FE76CF26FD11F8F97668E175DFAABD2977BCA397233117E7E1C4A1E39681091CC4D6DF21403682803AB54CC21DC4FA2F6848811DEE10FFEF74D809',
# amount='2200000',
# destination='rPT1Sjq2YGrBMTttX4GZHjKu9dyfzbpAYe',
# destination_tag=None,
# invoice_id=None,
# paths=None,
# send_max=None,
# deliver_min=None
# )
# submit the transaction
tx_response = submit_and_wait(my_tx_payment_signed, client)
```
### Subscribe to ledger updates
You can send `subscribe` and `unsubscribe` requests only using the WebSocket network client. These request methods allow you to be alerted of certain situations as they occur, such as when a new ledger is declared.
```py
from xrpl.clients import WebsocketClient
url = "wss://s.altnet.rippletest.net/"
from xrpl.models import Subscribe, StreamParameter
req = Subscribe(streams=[StreamParameter.LEDGER])
# NOTE: this code will run forever without a timeout, until the process is killed
with WebsocketClient(url) as client:
client.send(req)
for message in client:
print(message)
# {'result': {'fee_base': 10, 'fee_ref': 10, 'ledger_hash': '7CD50477F23FF158B430772D8E82A961376A7B40E13C695AA849811EDF66C5C0', 'ledger_index': 18183504, 'ledger_time': 676412962, 'reserve_base': 20000000, 'reserve_inc': 5000000, 'validated_ledgers': '17469391-18183504'}, 'status': 'success', 'type': 'response'}
# {'fee_base': 10, 'fee_ref': 10, 'ledger_hash': 'BAA743DABD168BD434804416C8087B7BDEF7E6D7EAD412B9102281DD83B10D00', 'ledger_index': 18183505, 'ledger_time': 676412970, 'reserve_base': 20000000, 'reserve_inc': 5000000, 'txn_count': 0, 'type': 'ledgerClosed', 'validated_ledgers': '17469391-18183505'}
# {'fee_base': 10, 'fee_ref': 10, 'ledger_hash': 'D8227DAF8F745AE3F907B251D40B4081E019D013ABC23B68C0B1431DBADA1A46', 'ledger_index': 18183506, 'ledger_time': 676412971, 'reserve_base': 20000000, 'reserve_inc': 5000000, 'txn_count': 0, 'type': 'ledgerClosed', 'validated_ledgers': '17469391-18183506'}
# {'fee_base': 10, 'fee_ref': 10, 'ledger_hash': 'CFC412B6DDB9A402662832A781C23F0F2E842EAE6CFC539FEEB287318092C0DE', 'ledger_index': 18183507, 'ledger_time': 676412972, 'reserve_base': 20000000, 'reserve_inc': 5000000, 'txn_count': 0, 'type': 'ledgerClosed', 'validated_ledgers': '17469391-18183507'}
```
### Asynchronous Code
This library supports Python's [`asyncio`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/asyncio.html) package, which is used to run asynchronous code. All the async code is in [`xrpl.asyncio`](https://xrpl-py.readthedocs.io/en/stable/source/xrpl.asyncio.html) If you are writing asynchronous code, please note that you will not be able to use any synchronous sugar functions, due to how event loops are handled. However, every synchronous method has a corresponding asynchronous method that you can use.
This sample code is the asynchronous equivalent of the above section on submitting a transaction.
```py
import asyncio
from xrpl.models.transactions import Payment
from xrpl.asyncio.transaction import sign, submit_and_wait
from xrpl.asyncio.ledger import get_latest_validated_ledger_sequence
from xrpl.asyncio.account import get_next_valid_seq_number
from xrpl.asyncio.clients import AsyncJsonRpcClient
async_client = AsyncJsonRpcClient(JSON_RPC_URL)
async def submit_sample_transaction():
current_validated_ledger = await get_latest_validated_ledger_sequence(async_client)
# prepare the transaction
# the amount is expressed in drops, not XRP
# see https://xrpl.org/basic-data-types.html#specifying-currency-amounts
my_tx_payment = Payment(
account=test_wallet.address,
amount="2200000",
destination="rPT1Sjq2YGrBMTttX4GZHjKu9dyfzbpAYe",
last_ledger_sequence=current_validated_ledger + 20,
sequence=await get_next_valid_seq_number(test_wallet.address, async_client),
fee="10",
)
# sign and submit the transaction
tx_response = await submit_and_wait(my_tx_payment_signed, async_client, test_wallet)
asyncio.run(submit_sample_transaction())
```
### Encode addresses
Use [`xrpl.core.addresscodec`](https://xrpl-py.readthedocs.io/en/stable/source/xrpl.core.addresscodec.html) to encode and decode addresses into and from the ["classic" and X-address formats](https://xrpl.org/accounts.html#addresses).
```py
# convert classic address to x-address
from xrpl.core import addresscodec
testnet_xaddress = (
addresscodec.classic_address_to_xaddress(
"rMPUKmzmDWEX1tQhzQ8oGFNfAEhnWNFwz",
tag=0,
is_test_network=True,
)
)
print(testnet_xaddress)
# T7QDemmxnuN7a52A62nx2fxGPWcRahLCf3qaswfrsNW9Lps
```
## Migrating
If you're currently using `xrpl-py` version 1, you can use [this guide to migrate to v2](https://xrpl.org/blog/2023/xrpl-py-2.0-release.html).
## Contributing
If you want to contribute to this project, see [CONTRIBUTING.md].
### Mailing Lists
We have a low-traffic mailing list for announcements of new `xrpl-py` releases. (About 1 email per week)
+ [Subscribe to xrpl-announce](https://groups.google.com/g/xrpl-announce)
If you're using the XRP Ledger in production, you should run a [rippled server](https://github.com/ripple/rippled) and subscribe to the ripple-server mailing list as well.
+ [Subscribe to ripple-server](https://groups.google.com/g/ripple-server)
### Code Samples
- For samples of common use cases, see the [XRPL.org Code Samples](https://xrpl.org/code-samples.html) page.
- You can also browse those samples [directly on GitHub](https://github.com/XRPLF/xrpl-dev-portal/tree/master/content/_code-samples).
### Report an issue
Experienced an issue? Report it [here](https://github.com/XRPLF/xrpl-py/issues/new).
## License
The `xrpl-py` library is licensed under the ISC License. See [LICENSE] for more information.
[CONTRIBUTING.md]: CONTRIBUTING.md
[LICENSE]: LICENSE
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"maintainer_email": "",
"keywords": "xrp,xrpl,cryptocurrency",
"author": "Mayukha Vadari",
"author_email": "mvadari@ripple.com",
"download_url": "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/80/75/eac4729d9c681a8f91e3424e4955819e24d6f854bde5784616e75e87fa84/xrpl_py-2.5.0.tar.gz",
"platform": null,
"description": "[](https://xrpl-py.readthedocs.io/)\n\n# xrpl-py\n\nA pure Python implementation for interacting with the [XRP Ledger](https://xrpl.org/).\n\nThe `xrpl-py` library simplifies the hardest parts of XRP Ledger interaction, like serialization and transaction signing. It also provides native Python methods and models for [XRP Ledger transactions](https://xrpl.org/transaction-formats.html) and core server [API](https://xrpl.org/api-conventions.html) ([`rippled`](https://github.com/ripple/rippled)) objects.\n\nAs an example, this is how you would use this library to send a payment on testnet:\n\n```py\nfrom xrpl.account import get_balance\nfrom xrpl.clients import JsonRpcClient\nfrom xrpl.models import Payment, Tx\nfrom xrpl.transaction import submit_and_wait\nfrom xrpl.wallet import generate_faucet_wallet\n\n# Create a client to connect to the test network\nclient = JsonRpcClient(\"https://s.altnet.rippletest.net:51234\")\n\n# Create two wallets to send money between on the test network\nwallet1 = generate_faucet_wallet(client, debug=True)\nwallet2 = generate_faucet_wallet(client, debug=True)\n\n# Both balances should be zero since nothing has been sent yet\nprint(\"Balances of wallets before Payment tx\")\nprint(get_balance(wallet1.address, client))\nprint(get_balance(wallet2.address, client))\n\n# Create a Payment transaction from wallet1 to wallet2\npayment_tx = Payment(\n account=wallet1.address,\n amount=\"1000\",\n destination=wallet2.address,\n)\n\n# Submit the payment to the network and wait to see a response\n# Behind the scenes, this fills in fields which can be looked up automatically like the fee.\n# It also signs the transaction with wallet1 to prove you own the account you're paying from.\npayment_response = submit_and_wait(payment_tx, client, wallet1)\nprint(\"Transaction was submitted\")\n\n# Create a \"Tx\" request to look up the transaction on the ledger\ntx_response = client.request(Tx(transaction=payment_response.result[\"hash\"]))\n\n# Check whether the transaction was actually validated on ledger\nprint(\"Validated:\", tx_response.result[\"validated\"])\n\n# Check balances after 1000 drops (.001 XRP) was sent from wallet1 to wallet2\nprint(\"Balances of wallets after Payment tx:\")\nprint(get_balance(wallet1.address, client))\nprint(get_balance(wallet2.address, client))\n```\n\n[](https://pepy.tech/project/xrpl-py/month)\n[](https://github.com/xpring-eng/xrpl-py/graphs/contributors)\n\n## Installation and supported versions\n\nThe `xrpl-py` library is available on [PyPI](https://pypi.org/). Install with `pip`:\n\n\n```\npip3 install xrpl-py\n```\n\nThe library supports [Python 3.7](https://www.python.org/downloads/) and later.\n\n[](https://pypi.org/project/xrpl-py)\n\n\n## Features\n\nUse `xrpl-py` to build Python applications that leverage the [XRP Ledger](https://xrpl.org/). The library helps with all aspects of interacting with the XRP Ledger, including:\n\n* Key and wallet management\n* Serialization\n* Transaction Signing\n\n`xrpl-py` also provides:\n\n* A network client \u2014 See [`xrpl.clients`](https://xrpl-py.readthedocs.io/en/stable/source/xrpl.clients.html) for more information.\n* Methods for inspecting accounts \u2014 See [XRPL Account Methods](https://xrpl-py.readthedocs.io/en/stable/source/xrpl.account.html) for more information.\n* Codecs for encoding and decoding addresses and other objects \u2014 See [Core Codecs](https://xrpl-py.readthedocs.io/en/stable/source/xrpl.core.html) for more information.\n\n## [\u27a1\ufe0f Reference Documentation](https://xrpl-py.readthedocs.io/en/stable/)\n\nSee the complete [`xrpl-py` reference documentation on Read the Docs](https://xrpl-py.readthedocs.io/en/stable/index.html).\n\n\n## Usage\n\nThe following sections describe some of the most commonly used modules in the `xrpl-py` library and provide sample code.\n\n### Network client\n\nUse the `xrpl.clients` library to create a network client for connecting to the XRP Ledger.\n\n```py\nfrom xrpl.clients import JsonRpcClient\nJSON_RPC_URL = \"https://s.altnet.rippletest.net:51234\"\nclient = JsonRpcClient(JSON_RPC_URL)\n```\n\n### Manage keys and wallets\n\n#### `xrpl.wallet`\n\nUse the [`xrpl.wallet`](https://xrpl-py.readthedocs.io/en/stable/source/xrpl.wallet.html) module to create a wallet from a given seed or or via a [Testnet faucet](https://xrpl.org/xrp-testnet-faucet.html).\n\nTo create a wallet from a seed (in this case, the value generated using [`xrpl.keypairs`](#xrpl-keypairs)):\n\n```py\nwallet_from_seed = xrpl.wallet.Wallet.from_seed(seed)\nprint(wallet_from_seed)\n# pub_key: ED46949E414A3D6D758D347BAEC9340DC78F7397FEE893132AAF5D56E4D7DE77B0\n# priv_key: -HIDDEN-\n# address: rG5ZvYsK5BPi9f1Nb8mhFGDTNMJhEhufn6\n```\n\nTo create a wallet from a Testnet faucet:\n\n```py\ntest_wallet = generate_faucet_wallet(client)\ntest_account = test_wallet.address\nprint(\"Classic address:\", test_account)\n# Classic address: rEQB2hhp3rg7sHj6L8YyR4GG47Cb7pfcuw\n```\n\n#### `xrpl.core.keypairs`\n\nUse the [`xrpl.core.keypairs`](https://xrpl-py.readthedocs.io/en/stable/source/xrpl.core.keypairs.html#module-xrpl.core.keypairs) module to generate seeds and derive keypairs and addresses from those seed values.\n\nHere's an example of how to generate a `seed` value and derive an [XRP Ledger \"classic\" address](https://xrpl.org/cryptographic-keys.html#account-id-and-address) from that seed.\n\n\n```py\nfrom xrpl.core import keypairs\nseed = keypairs.generate_seed()\npublic, private = keypairs.derive_keypair(seed)\ntest_account = keypairs.derive_classic_address(public)\nprint(\"Here's the public key:\")\nprint(public)\nprint(\"Here's the private key:\")\nprint(private)\nprint(\"Store this in a secure place!\")\n# Here's the public key:\n# ED3CC1BBD0952A60088E89FA502921895FC81FBD79CAE9109A8FE2D23659AD5D56\n# Here's the private key:\n# EDE65EE7882847EF5345A43BFB8E6F5EEC60F45461696C384639B99B26AAA7A5CD\n# Store this in a secure place!\n```\n\n**Note:** You can use `xrpl.core.keypairs.sign` to sign transactions but `xrpl-py` also provides explicit methods for safely signing and submitting transactions. See [Transaction Signing](#transaction-signing) and [XRPL Transaction Methods](https://xrpl-py.readthedocs.io/en/stable/source/xrpl.transaction.html#module-xrpl.transaction) for more information.\n\n\n### Serialize and sign transactions\n\nTo securely submit transactions to the XRP Ledger, you need to first serialize data from JSON and other formats into the [XRP Ledger's canonical format](https://xrpl.org/serialization.html), then to [authorize the transaction](https://xrpl.org/transaction-basics.html#authorizing-transactions) by digitally [signing it](https://xrpl-py.readthedocs.io/en/stable/source/xrpl.core.keypairs.html?highlight=sign#xrpl.core.keypairs.sign) with the account's private key. The `xrpl-py` library provides several methods to simplify this process.\n\n\nUse the [`xrpl.transaction`](https://xrpl-py.readthedocs.io/en/stable/source/xrpl.transaction.html) module to sign and submit transactions. The module offers three ways to do this:\n\n* [`sign_and_submit`](https://xrpl-py.readthedocs.io/en/stable/source/xrpl.transaction.html#xrpl.transaction.sign_and_submit) \u2014 Signs a transaction locally, then submits it to the XRP Ledger. This method does not implement [reliable transaction submission](https://xrpl.org/reliable-transaction-submission.html#reliable-transaction-submission) best practices, so only use it for development or testing purposes.\n\n* [`sign`](https://xrpl-py.readthedocs.io/en/stable/source/xrpl.transaction.html#xrpl.transaction.sign) \u2014 Signs a transaction locally. This method **does not** submit the transaction to the XRP Ledger.\n\n* [`submit_and_wait`](https://xrpl-py.readthedocs.io/en/stable/source/xrpl.transaction.html#xrpl.transaction.submit_and_wait) \u2014 An implementation of the [reliable transaction submission guidelines](https://xrpl.org/reliable-transaction-submission.html#reliable-transaction-submission), this method submits a signed transaction to the XRP Ledger and then verifies that it has been included in a validated ledger (or has failed to do so). Use this method to submit transactions for production purposes.\n\n\n```py\nfrom xrpl.models.transactions import Payment\nfrom xrpl.transaction import sign, submit_and_wait\nfrom xrpl.ledger import get_latest_validated_ledger_sequence\nfrom xrpl.account import get_next_valid_seq_number\n\ncurrent_validated_ledger = get_latest_validated_ledger_sequence(client)\n\n# prepare the transaction\n# the amount is expressed in drops, not XRP\n# see https://xrpl.org/basic-data-types.html#specifying-currency-amounts\nmy_tx_payment = Payment(\n account=test_wallet.address,\n amount=\"2200000\",\n destination=\"rPT1Sjq2YGrBMTttX4GZHjKu9dyfzbpAYe\",\n last_ledger_sequence=current_validated_ledger + 20,\n sequence=get_next_valid_seq_number(test_wallet.address, client),\n fee=\"10\",\n)\n# sign the transaction\nmy_tx_payment_signed = sign(my_tx_payment,test_wallet)\n\n# submit the transaction\ntx_response = submit_and_wait(my_tx_payment_signed, client)\n```\n\n#### Get fee from the XRP Ledger\n\n\nIn most cases, you can specify the minimum [transaction cost](https://xrpl.org/transaction-cost.html#current-transaction-cost) of `\"10\"` for the `fee` field unless you have a strong reason not to. But if you want to get the [current load-balanced transaction cost](https://xrpl.org/transaction-cost.html#current-transaction-cost) from the network, you can use the `get_fee` function:\n\n```py\nfrom xrpl.ledger import get_fee\nfee = get_fee(client)\nprint(fee)\n# 10\n```\n\n#### Auto-filled fields\n\nThe `xrpl-py` library automatically populates the `fee`, `sequence` and `last_ledger_sequence` fields when you create transactions. In the example above, you could omit those fields and let the library fill them in for you.\n\n```py\nfrom xrpl.models.transactions import Payment\nfrom xrpl.transaction import submit_and_wait, autofill_and_sign\n# prepare the transaction\n# the amount is expressed in drops, not XRP\n# see https://xrpl.org/basic-data-types.html#specifying-currency-amounts\nmy_tx_payment = Payment(\n account=test_wallet.address,\n amount=\"2200000\",\n destination=\"rPT1Sjq2YGrBMTttX4GZHjKu9dyfzbpAYe\"\n)\n\n# sign the transaction with the autofill method\n# (this will auto-populate the fee, sequence, and last_ledger_sequence)\nmy_tx_payment_signed = autofill_and_sign(my_tx_payment, client, test_wallet)\nprint(my_tx_payment_signed)\n# Payment(\n# account='rMPUKmzmDWEX1tQhzQ8oGFNfAEhnWNFwz',\n# transaction_type=<TransactionType.PAYMENT: 'Payment'>,\n# fee='10',\n# sequence=16034065,\n# account_txn_id=None,\n# flags=0,\n# last_ledger_sequence=10268600,\n# memos=None,\n# signers=None,\n# source_tag=None,\n# signing_pub_key='EDD9540FA398915F0BCBD6E65579C03BE5424836CB68B7EB1D6573F2382156B444',\n# txn_signature='938FB22AE7FE76CF26FD11F8F97668E175DFAABD2977BCA397233117E7E1C4A1E39681091CC4D6DF21403682803AB54CC21DC4FA2F6848811DEE10FFEF74D809',\n# amount='2200000',\n# destination='rPT1Sjq2YGrBMTttX4GZHjKu9dyfzbpAYe',\n# destination_tag=None,\n# invoice_id=None,\n# paths=None,\n# send_max=None,\n# deliver_min=None\n# )\n\n# submit the transaction\ntx_response = submit_and_wait(my_tx_payment_signed, client)\n```\n\n\n### Subscribe to ledger updates\n\nYou can send `subscribe` and `unsubscribe` requests only using the WebSocket network client. These request methods allow you to be alerted of certain situations as they occur, such as when a new ledger is declared.\n\n```py\nfrom xrpl.clients import WebsocketClient\nurl = \"wss://s.altnet.rippletest.net/\"\nfrom xrpl.models import Subscribe, StreamParameter\nreq = Subscribe(streams=[StreamParameter.LEDGER])\n# NOTE: this code will run forever without a timeout, until the process is killed\nwith WebsocketClient(url) as client:\n client.send(req)\n for message in client:\n print(message)\n# {'result': {'fee_base': 10, 'fee_ref': 10, 'ledger_hash': '7CD50477F23FF158B430772D8E82A961376A7B40E13C695AA849811EDF66C5C0', 'ledger_index': 18183504, 'ledger_time': 676412962, 'reserve_base': 20000000, 'reserve_inc': 5000000, 'validated_ledgers': '17469391-18183504'}, 'status': 'success', 'type': 'response'}\n# {'fee_base': 10, 'fee_ref': 10, 'ledger_hash': 'BAA743DABD168BD434804416C8087B7BDEF7E6D7EAD412B9102281DD83B10D00', 'ledger_index': 18183505, 'ledger_time': 676412970, 'reserve_base': 20000000, 'reserve_inc': 5000000, 'txn_count': 0, 'type': 'ledgerClosed', 'validated_ledgers': '17469391-18183505'}\n# {'fee_base': 10, 'fee_ref': 10, 'ledger_hash': 'D8227DAF8F745AE3F907B251D40B4081E019D013ABC23B68C0B1431DBADA1A46', 'ledger_index': 18183506, 'ledger_time': 676412971, 'reserve_base': 20000000, 'reserve_inc': 5000000, 'txn_count': 0, 'type': 'ledgerClosed', 'validated_ledgers': '17469391-18183506'}\n# {'fee_base': 10, 'fee_ref': 10, 'ledger_hash': 'CFC412B6DDB9A402662832A781C23F0F2E842EAE6CFC539FEEB287318092C0DE', 'ledger_index': 18183507, 'ledger_time': 676412972, 'reserve_base': 20000000, 'reserve_inc': 5000000, 'txn_count': 0, 'type': 'ledgerClosed', 'validated_ledgers': '17469391-18183507'}\n```\n\n\n### Asynchronous Code\n\nThis library supports Python's [`asyncio`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/asyncio.html) package, which is used to run asynchronous code. All the async code is in [`xrpl.asyncio`](https://xrpl-py.readthedocs.io/en/stable/source/xrpl.asyncio.html) If you are writing asynchronous code, please note that you will not be able to use any synchronous sugar functions, due to how event loops are handled. However, every synchronous method has a corresponding asynchronous method that you can use.\n\nThis sample code is the asynchronous equivalent of the above section on submitting a transaction.\n\n```py\nimport asyncio\nfrom xrpl.models.transactions import Payment\nfrom xrpl.asyncio.transaction import sign, submit_and_wait\nfrom xrpl.asyncio.ledger import get_latest_validated_ledger_sequence\nfrom xrpl.asyncio.account import get_next_valid_seq_number\nfrom xrpl.asyncio.clients import AsyncJsonRpcClient\n\nasync_client = AsyncJsonRpcClient(JSON_RPC_URL)\n\nasync def submit_sample_transaction():\n current_validated_ledger = await get_latest_validated_ledger_sequence(async_client)\n\n # prepare the transaction\n # the amount is expressed in drops, not XRP\n # see https://xrpl.org/basic-data-types.html#specifying-currency-amounts\n my_tx_payment = Payment(\n account=test_wallet.address,\n amount=\"2200000\",\n destination=\"rPT1Sjq2YGrBMTttX4GZHjKu9dyfzbpAYe\",\n last_ledger_sequence=current_validated_ledger + 20,\n sequence=await get_next_valid_seq_number(test_wallet.address, async_client),\n fee=\"10\",\n )\n # sign and submit the transaction\n tx_response = await submit_and_wait(my_tx_payment_signed, async_client, test_wallet)\n\nasyncio.run(submit_sample_transaction())\n```\n\n### Encode addresses\n\nUse [`xrpl.core.addresscodec`](https://xrpl-py.readthedocs.io/en/stable/source/xrpl.core.addresscodec.html) to encode and decode addresses into and from the [\"classic\" and X-address formats](https://xrpl.org/accounts.html#addresses).\n\n```py\n# convert classic address to x-address\nfrom xrpl.core import addresscodec\ntestnet_xaddress = (\n addresscodec.classic_address_to_xaddress(\n \"rMPUKmzmDWEX1tQhzQ8oGFNfAEhnWNFwz\",\n tag=0,\n is_test_network=True,\n )\n)\nprint(testnet_xaddress)\n# T7QDemmxnuN7a52A62nx2fxGPWcRahLCf3qaswfrsNW9Lps\n```\n\n## Migrating\n\nIf you're currently using `xrpl-py` version 1, you can use [this guide to migrate to v2](https://xrpl.org/blog/2023/xrpl-py-2.0-release.html).\n\n## Contributing\n\nIf you want to contribute to this project, see [CONTRIBUTING.md].\n\n### Mailing Lists\n\nWe have a low-traffic mailing list for announcements of new `xrpl-py` releases. (About 1 email per week)\n\n+ [Subscribe to xrpl-announce](https://groups.google.com/g/xrpl-announce)\n\nIf you're using the XRP Ledger in production, you should run a [rippled server](https://github.com/ripple/rippled) and subscribe to the ripple-server mailing list as well.\n\n+ [Subscribe to ripple-server](https://groups.google.com/g/ripple-server)\n\n### Code Samples\n- For samples of common use cases, see the [XRPL.org Code Samples](https://xrpl.org/code-samples.html) page.\n- You can also browse those samples [directly on GitHub](https://github.com/XRPLF/xrpl-dev-portal/tree/master/content/_code-samples).\n\n### Report an issue\n\nExperienced an issue? Report it [here](https://github.com/XRPLF/xrpl-py/issues/new).\n\n## License\n\nThe `xrpl-py` library is licensed under the ISC License. See [LICENSE] for more information.\n\n\n\n[CONTRIBUTING.md]: CONTRIBUTING.md\n[LICENSE]: LICENSE\n",
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