# Gruut
A tokenizer, text cleaner, and [IPA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet) phonemizer for several human languages that supports [SSML](#ssml).
```python
from gruut import sentences
text = 'He wound it around the wound, saying "I read it was $10 to read."'
for sent in sentences(text, lang="en-us"):
for word in sent:
if word.phonemes:
print(word.text, *word.phonemes)
```
which outputs:
```
He h ˈi
wound w ˈaʊ n d
it ˈɪ t
around ɚ ˈaʊ n d
the ð ə
wound w ˈu n d
, |
saying s ˈeɪ ɪ ŋ
I ˈaɪ
read ɹ ˈɛ d
it ˈɪ t
was w ə z
ten t ˈɛ n
dollars d ˈɑ l ɚ z
to t ə
read ɹ ˈi d
. ‖
```
Note that "wound" and "read" have different pronunciations when used in different (grammatical) contexts.
A [subset of SSML](#ssml) is also supported:
```python
from gruut import sentences
ssml_text = """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<speak version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/synthesis"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/synthesis
http://www.w3.org/TR/speech-synthesis11/synthesis.xsd"
xml:lang="en-US">
<s>Today at 4pm, 2/1/2000.</s>
<s xml:lang="it">Un mese fà, 2/1/2000.</s>
</speak>"""
for sent in sentences(ssml_text, ssml=True):
for word in sent:
if word.phonemes:
print(sent.idx, word.lang, word.text, *word.phonemes)
```
with the output:
```
0 en-US Today t ə d ˈeɪ
0 en-US at ˈæ t
0 en-US four f ˈɔ ɹ
0 en-US P p ˈi
0 en-US M ˈɛ m
0 en-US , |
0 en-US February f ˈɛ b j u ˌɛ ɹ i
0 en-US first f ˈɚ s t
0 en-US , |
0 en-US two t ˈu
0 en-US thousand θ ˈaʊ z ə n d
0 en-US . ‖
1 it Un u n
1 it mese ˈm e s e
1 it fà f a
1 it , |
1 it due d j u
1 it gennaio d͡ʒ e n n ˈa j o
1 it duemila d u e ˈm i l a
1 it . ‖
```
See [the documentation](https://rhasspy.github.io/gruut/) for more details.
## Installation
```sh
pip install gruut
```
Languages besides English can be added during installation. For example, with French and Italian support:
```sh
pip install -f 'https://synesthesiam.github.io/prebuilt-apps/' gruut[fr,it]
```
The extra pip repo is needed for an updated [num2words fork](https://github.com/rhasspy/num2words) that includes support for more languages.
You may also [manually download language files](https://github.com/rhasspy/gruut/releases/latest) and use put them in `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/gruut/` (`$HOME/.config/gruut` by default).
gruut will look for language files in the directory `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/gruut/<lang>/` if the corresponding Python package is not installed. Note that `<lang>` here is the **full** language name, e.g. `de-de` instead of just `de`.
## Supported Languages
gruut currently supports:
* Arabic (`ar`)
* Czech (`cs` or `cs-cz`)
* German (`de` or `de-de`)
* English (`en` or `en-us`)
* Spanish (`es` or `es-es`)
* Farsi/Persian (`fa`)
* French (`fr` or `fr-fr`)
* Italian (`it` or `it-it`)
* Luxembourgish (`lb`)
* Dutch (`nl`)
* Russian (`ru` or `ru-ru`)
* Swedish (`sv` or `sv-se`)
* Swahili (`sw`)
The goal is to support all of [voice2json's languages](https://github.com/synesthesiam/voice2json-profiles#supported-languages)
## Dependencies
* Python 3.7 or higher
* Linux
* Tested on Debian Bullseye
* [num2words fork](https://github.com/rhasspy/num2words) and [Babel](https://pypi.org/project/Babel/)
* Currency/number handling
* num2words fork includes additional language support (Arabic, Farsi, Swedish, Swahili)
* gruut-ipa
* [IPA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet) pronunciation manipulation
* [pycrfsuite](https://github.com/scrapinghub/python-crfsuite)
* Part of speech tagging and grapheme to phoneme models
* [pydateparser](https://github.com/GLibAi/pydateparser)
* Date parsing for multiple languages
## Numbers, Dates, and More
`gruut` can automatically verbalize numbers, dates, and other expressions. This is done in a locale-aware manner for both parsing and verbalization, so "1/1/2020" may be interpreted as "M/D/Y" or "D/M/Y" depending on the word or sentence's language (e.g., `<s lang="...">`).
The following types of expressions can be automatically expanded into words by `gruut`:
* Numbers - "123" to "one hundred and twenty three" (disable with `verbalize_numbers=False` or `--no-numbers`)
* Relies on `Babel` for parsing and `num2words` for verbalization
* Dates - "1/1/2020" to "January first, twenty twenty" (disable with `verbalize_dates=False` or `--no-dates`)
* Relies on `pydateparser` for parsing and both `Babel` and `num2words` for verbalization
* Currency - "$10" to "ten dollars" (disable with `verbalize_currency=False` or `--no-currency`)
* Relies on `Babel` for parsing and both `Babel` and `num2words` for verbalization
* Times - "12:01am" to "twelve oh one A M" (disable with `verbalize_times=False` or `--no-times`)
* English only
* Relies on `num2words` for verbalization
## Command-Line Usage
The `gruut` module can be executed with `python3 -m gruut --language <LANGUAGE> <TEXT>` or with the `gruut` command (from `setup.py`).
The `gruut` command is line-oriented, consuming text and producing [JSONL](https://jsonlines.org/).
You will probably want to install [jq](https://stedolan.github.io/jq/) to manipulate the [JSONL](https://jsonlines.org/) output from `gruut`.
### Plain Text
Takes raw text and outputs [JSONL](https://jsonlines.org/) with cleaned words/tokens.
```sh
echo 'This, right here, is some "RAW" text!' \
| gruut --language en-us \
| jq --raw-output '.words[].text'
This
,
right
here
,
is
some
"
RAW
"
text
!
```
More information is available in the full JSON output:
```sh
gruut --language en-us 'More text.' | jq .
```
Output:
```json
{
"idx": 0,
"text": "More text.",
"text_with_ws": "More text.",
"text_spoken": "More text",
"par_idx": 0,
"lang": "en-us",
"voice": "",
"words": [
{
"idx": 0,
"text": "More",
"text_with_ws": "More ",
"leading_ws": "",
"training_ws": " ",
"sent_idx": 0,
"par_idx": 0,
"lang": "en-us",
"voice": "",
"pos": "JJR",
"phonemes": [
"m",
"ˈɔ",
"ɹ"
],
"is_major_break": false,
"is_minor_break": false,
"is_punctuation": false,
"is_break": false,
"is_spoken": true,
"pause_before_ms": 0,
"pause_after_ms": 0
},
{
"idx": 1,
"text": "text",
"text_with_ws": "text",
"leading_ws": "",
"training_ws": "",
"sent_idx": 0,
"par_idx": 0,
"lang": "en-us",
"voice": "",
"pos": "NN",
"phonemes": [
"t",
"ˈɛ",
"k",
"s",
"t"
],
"is_major_break": false,
"is_minor_break": false,
"is_punctuation": false,
"is_break": false,
"is_spoken": true,
"pause_before_ms": 0,
"pause_after_ms": 0
},
{
"idx": 2,
"text": ".",
"text_with_ws": ".",
"leading_ws": "",
"training_ws": "",
"sent_idx": 0,
"par_idx": 0,
"lang": "en-us",
"voice": "",
"pos": null,
"phonemes": [
"‖"
],
"is_major_break": true,
"is_minor_break": false,
"is_punctuation": false,
"is_break": true,
"is_spoken": false,
"pause_before_ms": 0,
"pause_after_ms": 0
}
],
"pause_before_ms": 0,
"pause_after_ms": 0
}
```
For the whole input line and each word, the `text` property contains the processed input text with normalized whitespace while `text_with_ws` retains the original whitespace. The `text_spoken` property only contains words that are spoken, so punctuation and breaks are excluded.
Within each word, there is:
* `idx` - zero-based index of the word in the sentence
* `sent_idx` - zero-based index of the sentence in the input text
* `pos` - part of speech tag (if available)
* `phonemes` - list of [IPA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet) phonemes for the word (if available)
* `is_minor_break` - `true` if "word" separates phrases (comma, semicolon, etc.)
* `is_major_break` - `true` if "word" separates sentences (period, question mark, etc.)
* `is_break` - `true` if "word" is a major or minor break
* `is_punctuation` - `true` if "word" is a surrounding punctuation mark (quote, bracket, etc.)
* `is_spoken` - `true` if not a break or punctuation
See `python3 -m gruut <LANGUAGE> --help` for more options.
### SSML
A subset of [SSML](https://www.w3.org/TR/speech-synthesis11/) is supported:
* `<speak>` - wrap around SSML text
* `lang` - set language for document
* `<p>` - paragraph
* `lang` - set language for paragraph
* `<s>` - sentence (disables automatic sentence breaking)
* `lang` - set language for sentence
* `<w>` / `<token>` - word (disables automatic tokenization)
* `lang` - set language for word
* `role` - set word role (see [word roles](#word-roles))
* `<lang lang="...">` - set language inner text
* `<voice name="...">` - set voice of inner text
* `<say-as interpret-as="">` - force interpretation of inner text
* `interpret-as` one of "spell-out", "date", "number", "time", or "currency"
* `format` - way to format text depending on `interpret-as`
* number - one of "cardinal", "ordinal", "digits", "year"
* date - string with "d" (cardinal day), "o" (ordinal day), "m" (month), or "y" (year)
* `<break time="">` - Pause for given amount of time
* time - seconds ("123s") or milliseconds ("123ms")
* `<mark name="">` - User-defined mark (`marks_before` and `marks_after` attributes of words/sentences)
* name - name of mark
* `<sub alias="">` - substitute `alias` for inner text
* `<phoneme ph="...">` - supply phonemes for inner text
* `ph` - phonemes for each word of inner text, separated by whitespace
* `<lexicon id="...">` - inline or external pronunciation lexicon
* `id` - unique id of lexicon (used in `<lookup ref="...">`)
* `uri` - if empty or missing, lexicon is inline
* One or more `<lexeme>` child elements with:
* Optional `role="..."` ([word roles][#word-roles] separated by whitespace)
* `<grapheme>WORD</grapheme>` - word text
* `<phoneme>P H O N E M E S</phoneme>` - word pronunciation (phonemes separated by whitespace)
* `<lookup ref="...">` - use pronunciation lexicon for child elements
* `ref` - id from a `<lexicon id="...">`
#### Word Roles
During phonemization, word roles are used to disambiguate pronunciations. Unless manually specified, a word's role is derived from its part of speech tag as `gruut:<TAG>`. For initialisms and `spell-out`, the role `gruut:letter` is used to indicate that e.g., "a" should be spoken as `/eɪ/` instead of `/ə/`.
For `en-us`, the following additional roles are available from the part-of-speech tagger:
* `gruut:CD` - number
* `gruut:DT` - determiner
* `gruut:IN` - preposition or subordinating conjunction
* `gruut:JJ` - adjective
* `gruut:NN` - noun
* `gruut:PRP` - personal pronoun
* `gruut:RB` - adverb
* `gruut:VB` - verb
* `gruut:VB` - verb (past tense)
#### Inline Lexicons
Inline [pronunciation lexicons](https://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-pronunciation-lexicon-20081014/) are supported via the `<lexicon>` and `<lookup>` tags. gruut diverges slightly from the [SSML standard](https://www.w3.org/TR/speech-synthesis11/) here by allowing lexicons to be defined within the SSML document itself (`url` is blank or missing). Additionally, the `id` attribute of the `<lexicon>` element can be left off to indicate a "default" inline lexicon that does not require a corresponding `<lookup>` tag.
For example, the following document will yield three different pronunciations for the word "tomato":
``` xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<speak version="1.1"
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/synthesis"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/synthesis
http://www.w3.org/TR/speech-synthesis11/synthesis.xsd"
xml:lang="en-US">
<lexicon xml:id="test" alphabet="ipa">
<lexeme>
<grapheme>
tomato
</grapheme>
<phoneme>
<!-- Individual phonemes are separated by whitespace -->
t ə m ˈɑ t oʊ
</phoneme>
</lexeme>
<lexeme>
<grapheme role="fake-role">
tomato
</grapheme>
<phoneme>
<!-- Made up pronunciation for fake word role -->
t ə m ˈi t oʊ
</phoneme>
</lexeme>
</lexicon>
<w>tomato</w>
<lookup ref="test">
<w>tomato</w>
<w role="fake-role">tomato</w>
</lookup>
</speak>
```
The first "tomato" will be looked up in the U.S. English lexicon (`/t ə m ˈeɪ t oʊ/`). Within the `<lookup>` tag's scope, the second and third "tomato" words will be looked up in the inline lexicon. The third "tomato" word has a [role](#word-roles) attached (selecting a made up pronunciation in this case).
Even further from the SSML standard, gruut allows you to leave off the `<lexicon>` id entirely. With no `id`, a `<lookup>` tag is no longer needed, allowing you to override the pronunciation of any word in the document:
``` xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<speak version="1.1"
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/synthesis"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/synthesis
http://www.w3.org/TR/speech-synthesis11/synthesis.xsd"
xml:lang="en-US">
<!-- No id means change all words without a lookup -->
<lexicon>
<lexeme>
<grapheme>
tomato
</grapheme>
<phoneme>
t ə m ˈɑ t oʊ
</phoneme>
</lexeme>
</lexicon>
<w>tomato</w>
</speak>
```
This will yield a pronunciation of `/t ə m ˈɑ t oʊ/` for all instances of "tomato" in the document (unless they have a `<lookup>`).
## Intended Audience
gruut is useful for transforming raw text into phonetic pronunciations, similar to [phonemizer](https://github.com/bootphon/phonemizer). Unlike phonemizer, gruut looks up words in a pre-built lexicon (pronunciation dictionary) or guesses word pronunciations with a pre-trained grapheme-to-phoneme model. Phonemes for each language come from a [carefully chosen inventory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Language_phonologies).
For each supported language, gruut includes a:
* A word pronunciation lexicon built from open source data
* See [pron_dict](https://github.com/Kyubyong/pron_dictionaries)
* A pre-trained grapheme-to-phoneme model for guessing word pronunciations
Some languages also include:
* A pre-trained part of speech tagger built from open source data:
* See [universal dependencies](https://universaldependencies.org/)
Raw data
{
"_id": null,
"home_page": "https://github.com/rhasspy/gruut",
"name": "gruut",
"maintainer": "",
"docs_url": null,
"requires_python": ">=3.6",
"maintainer_email": "",
"keywords": "",
"author": "Michael Hansen",
"author_email": "mike@rhasspy.org",
"download_url": "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/4c/74/40e0bff02cf4daa3908c440e2111b20490c82080259f0114d0cfe07ce126/gruut-2.3.4.tar.gz",
"platform": null,
"description": "# Gruut\n\nA tokenizer, text cleaner, and [IPA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet) phonemizer for several human languages that supports [SSML](#ssml).\n\n```python\nfrom gruut import sentences\n\ntext = 'He wound it around the wound, saying \"I read it was $10 to read.\"'\n\nfor sent in sentences(text, lang=\"en-us\"):\n for word in sent:\n if word.phonemes:\n print(word.text, *word.phonemes)\n```\n\nwhich outputs:\n\n```\nHe h \u02c8i\nwound w \u02c8a\u028a n d\nit \u02c8\u026a t\naround \u025a \u02c8a\u028a n d\nthe \u00f0 \u0259\nwound w \u02c8u n d\n, |\nsaying s \u02c8e\u026a \u026a \u014b\nI \u02c8a\u026a\nread \u0279 \u02c8\u025b d\nit \u02c8\u026a t\nwas w \u0259 z\nten t \u02c8\u025b n\ndollars d \u02c8\u0251 l \u025a z\nto t \u0259\nread \u0279 \u02c8i d\n. \u2016\n```\n\nNote that \"wound\" and \"read\" have different pronunciations when used in different (grammatical) contexts.\n\nA [subset of SSML](#ssml) is also supported:\n\n```python\nfrom gruut import sentences\n\nssml_text = \"\"\"<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"ISO-8859-1\"?>\n<speak version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/10/synthesis\"\n xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\"\n xsi:schemaLocation=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/10/synthesis\n http://www.w3.org/TR/speech-synthesis11/synthesis.xsd\"\n xml:lang=\"en-US\">\n<s>Today at 4pm, 2/1/2000.</s>\n<s xml:lang=\"it\">Un mese f\u00e0, 2/1/2000.</s>\n</speak>\"\"\"\n\nfor sent in sentences(ssml_text, ssml=True):\n for word in sent:\n if word.phonemes:\n print(sent.idx, word.lang, word.text, *word.phonemes)\n```\n\nwith the output:\n\n```\n0 en-US Today t \u0259 d \u02c8e\u026a\n0 en-US at \u02c8\u00e6 t\n0 en-US four f \u02c8\u0254 \u0279\n0 en-US P p \u02c8i\n0 en-US M \u02c8\u025b m\n0 en-US , |\n0 en-US February f \u02c8\u025b b j u \u02cc\u025b \u0279 i\n0 en-US first f \u02c8\u025a s t\n0 en-US , |\n0 en-US two t \u02c8u\n0 en-US thousand \u03b8 \u02c8a\u028a z \u0259 n d\n0 en-US . \u2016\n1 it Un u n\n1 it mese \u02c8m e s e\n1 it f\u00e0 f a\n1 it , |\n1 it due d j u\n1 it gennaio d\u0361\u0292 e n n \u02c8a j o\n1 it duemila d u e \u02c8m i l a\n1 it . \u2016\n```\n\nSee [the documentation](https://rhasspy.github.io/gruut/) for more details.\n\n## Installation\n\n```sh\npip install gruut\n```\n\nLanguages besides English can be added during installation. For example, with French and Italian support:\n\n```sh\npip install -f 'https://synesthesiam.github.io/prebuilt-apps/' gruut[fr,it]\n```\n\nThe extra pip repo is needed for an updated [num2words fork](https://github.com/rhasspy/num2words) that includes support for more languages.\n\nYou may also [manually download language files](https://github.com/rhasspy/gruut/releases/latest) and use put them in `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/gruut/` (`$HOME/.config/gruut` by default).\n\ngruut will look for language files in the directory `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/gruut/<lang>/` if the corresponding Python package is not installed. Note that `<lang>` here is the **full** language name, e.g. `de-de` instead of just `de`. \n\n## Supported Languages\n\ngruut currently supports:\n\n* Arabic (`ar`)\n* Czech (`cs` or `cs-cz`)\n* German (`de` or `de-de`)\n* English (`en` or `en-us`)\n* Spanish (`es` or `es-es`)\n* Farsi/Persian (`fa`)\n* French (`fr` or `fr-fr`)\n* Italian (`it` or `it-it`)\n* Luxembourgish (`lb`)\n* Dutch (`nl`)\n* Russian (`ru` or `ru-ru`)\n* Swedish (`sv` or `sv-se`)\n* Swahili (`sw`)\n\nThe goal is to support all of [voice2json's languages](https://github.com/synesthesiam/voice2json-profiles#supported-languages)\n\n## Dependencies\n\n* Python 3.7 or higher\n* Linux\n * Tested on Debian Bullseye\n* [num2words fork](https://github.com/rhasspy/num2words) and [Babel](https://pypi.org/project/Babel/)\n * Currency/number handling\n * num2words fork includes additional language support (Arabic, Farsi, Swedish, Swahili)\n* gruut-ipa\n * [IPA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet) pronunciation manipulation\n* [pycrfsuite](https://github.com/scrapinghub/python-crfsuite)\n * Part of speech tagging and grapheme to phoneme models\n* [pydateparser](https://github.com/GLibAi/pydateparser)\n * Date parsing for multiple languages\n\n## Numbers, Dates, and More\n\n`gruut` can automatically verbalize numbers, dates, and other expressions. This is done in a locale-aware manner for both parsing and verbalization, so \"1/1/2020\" may be interpreted as \"M/D/Y\" or \"D/M/Y\" depending on the word or sentence's language (e.g., `<s lang=\"...\">`).\n\nThe following types of expressions can be automatically expanded into words by `gruut`:\n\n* Numbers - \"123\" to \"one hundred and twenty three\" (disable with `verbalize_numbers=False` or `--no-numbers`)\n * Relies on `Babel` for parsing and `num2words` for verbalization\n* Dates - \"1/1/2020\" to \"January first, twenty twenty\" (disable with `verbalize_dates=False` or `--no-dates`)\n * Relies on `pydateparser` for parsing and both `Babel` and `num2words` for verbalization\n* Currency - \"$10\" to \"ten dollars\" (disable with `verbalize_currency=False` or `--no-currency`)\n * Relies on `Babel` for parsing and both `Babel` and `num2words` for verbalization\n* Times - \"12:01am\" to \"twelve oh one A M\" (disable with `verbalize_times=False` or `--no-times`)\n * English only\n * Relies on `num2words` for verbalization\n\n## Command-Line Usage\n\nThe `gruut` module can be executed with `python3 -m gruut --language <LANGUAGE> <TEXT>` or with the `gruut` command (from `setup.py`).\n\nThe `gruut` command is line-oriented, consuming text and producing [JSONL](https://jsonlines.org/).\nYou will probably want to install [jq](https://stedolan.github.io/jq/) to manipulate the [JSONL](https://jsonlines.org/) output from `gruut`.\n\n### Plain Text\n\nTakes raw text and outputs [JSONL](https://jsonlines.org/) with cleaned words/tokens.\n\n```sh\necho 'This, right here, is some \"RAW\" text!' \\\n | gruut --language en-us \\\n | jq --raw-output '.words[].text'\nThis\n,\nright\nhere\n,\nis\nsome\n\"\nRAW\n\"\ntext\n!\n```\n\nMore information is available in the full JSON output:\n\n```sh\ngruut --language en-us 'More text.' | jq .\n```\n\nOutput:\n\n```json\n{\n \"idx\": 0,\n \"text\": \"More text.\",\n \"text_with_ws\": \"More text.\",\n \"text_spoken\": \"More text\",\n \"par_idx\": 0,\n \"lang\": \"en-us\",\n \"voice\": \"\",\n \"words\": [\n {\n \"idx\": 0,\n \"text\": \"More\",\n \"text_with_ws\": \"More \",\n \"leading_ws\": \"\",\n \"training_ws\": \" \",\n \"sent_idx\": 0,\n \"par_idx\": 0,\n \"lang\": \"en-us\",\n \"voice\": \"\",\n \"pos\": \"JJR\",\n \"phonemes\": [\n \"m\",\n \"\u02c8\u0254\",\n \"\u0279\"\n ],\n \"is_major_break\": false,\n \"is_minor_break\": false,\n \"is_punctuation\": false,\n \"is_break\": false,\n \"is_spoken\": true,\n \"pause_before_ms\": 0,\n \"pause_after_ms\": 0\n },\n {\n \"idx\": 1,\n \"text\": \"text\",\n \"text_with_ws\": \"text\",\n \"leading_ws\": \"\",\n \"training_ws\": \"\",\n \"sent_idx\": 0,\n \"par_idx\": 0,\n \"lang\": \"en-us\",\n \"voice\": \"\",\n \"pos\": \"NN\",\n \"phonemes\": [\n \"t\",\n \"\u02c8\u025b\",\n \"k\",\n \"s\",\n \"t\"\n ],\n \"is_major_break\": false,\n \"is_minor_break\": false,\n \"is_punctuation\": false,\n \"is_break\": false,\n \"is_spoken\": true,\n \"pause_before_ms\": 0,\n \"pause_after_ms\": 0\n },\n {\n \"idx\": 2,\n \"text\": \".\",\n \"text_with_ws\": \".\",\n \"leading_ws\": \"\",\n \"training_ws\": \"\",\n \"sent_idx\": 0,\n \"par_idx\": 0,\n \"lang\": \"en-us\",\n \"voice\": \"\",\n \"pos\": null,\n \"phonemes\": [\n \"\u2016\"\n ],\n \"is_major_break\": true,\n \"is_minor_break\": false,\n \"is_punctuation\": false,\n \"is_break\": true,\n \"is_spoken\": false,\n \"pause_before_ms\": 0,\n \"pause_after_ms\": 0\n }\n ],\n \"pause_before_ms\": 0,\n \"pause_after_ms\": 0\n}\n```\n\nFor the whole input line and each word, the `text` property contains the processed input text with normalized whitespace while `text_with_ws` retains the original whitespace. The `text_spoken` property only contains words that are spoken, so punctuation and breaks are excluded.\n\nWithin each word, there is:\n\n* `idx` - zero-based index of the word in the sentence\n* `sent_idx` - zero-based index of the sentence in the input text\n* `pos` - part of speech tag (if available)\n* `phonemes` - list of [IPA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet) phonemes for the word (if available)\n* `is_minor_break` - `true` if \"word\" separates phrases (comma, semicolon, etc.)\n* `is_major_break` - `true` if \"word\" separates sentences (period, question mark, etc.)\n* `is_break` - `true` if \"word\" is a major or minor break\n* `is_punctuation` - `true` if \"word\" is a surrounding punctuation mark (quote, bracket, etc.)\n* `is_spoken` - `true` if not a break or punctuation\n\nSee `python3 -m gruut <LANGUAGE> --help` for more options.\n\n### SSML\n\nA subset of [SSML](https://www.w3.org/TR/speech-synthesis11/) is supported:\n\n* `<speak>` - wrap around SSML text\n * `lang` - set language for document\n* `<p>` - paragraph\n * `lang` - set language for paragraph\n* `<s>` - sentence (disables automatic sentence breaking)\n * `lang` - set language for sentence\n* `<w>` / `<token>` - word (disables automatic tokenization)\n * `lang` - set language for word\n * `role` - set word role (see [word roles](#word-roles))\n* `<lang lang=\"...\">` - set language inner text\n* `<voice name=\"...\">` - set voice of inner text\n* `<say-as interpret-as=\"\">` - force interpretation of inner text\n * `interpret-as` one of \"spell-out\", \"date\", \"number\", \"time\", or \"currency\"\n * `format` - way to format text depending on `interpret-as`\n * number - one of \"cardinal\", \"ordinal\", \"digits\", \"year\"\n * date - string with \"d\" (cardinal day), \"o\" (ordinal day), \"m\" (month), or \"y\" (year)\n* `<break time=\"\">` - Pause for given amount of time\n * time - seconds (\"123s\") or milliseconds (\"123ms\")\n* `<mark name=\"\">` - User-defined mark (`marks_before` and `marks_after` attributes of words/sentences)\n * name - name of mark\n* `<sub alias=\"\">` - substitute `alias` for inner text\n* `<phoneme ph=\"...\">` - supply phonemes for inner text\n * `ph` - phonemes for each word of inner text, separated by whitespace\n* `<lexicon id=\"...\">` - inline or external pronunciation lexicon\n * `id` - unique id of lexicon (used in `<lookup ref=\"...\">`)\n * `uri` - if empty or missing, lexicon is inline\n * One or more `<lexeme>` child elements with:\n * Optional `role=\"...\"` ([word roles][#word-roles] separated by whitespace)\n * `<grapheme>WORD</grapheme>` - word text\n * `<phoneme>P H O N E M E S</phoneme>` - word pronunciation (phonemes separated by whitespace)\n* `<lookup ref=\"...\">` - use pronunciation lexicon for child elements\n * `ref` - id from a `<lexicon id=\"...\">`\n\n#### Word Roles\n\nDuring phonemization, word roles are used to disambiguate pronunciations. Unless manually specified, a word's role is derived from its part of speech tag as `gruut:<TAG>`. For initialisms and `spell-out`, the role `gruut:letter` is used to indicate that e.g., \"a\" should be spoken as `/e\u026a/` instead of `/\u0259/`.\n\nFor `en-us`, the following additional roles are available from the part-of-speech tagger:\n\n* `gruut:CD` - number\n* `gruut:DT` - determiner\n* `gruut:IN` - preposition or subordinating conjunction \n* `gruut:JJ` - adjective\n* `gruut:NN` - noun\n* `gruut:PRP` - personal pronoun\n* `gruut:RB` - adverb\n* `gruut:VB` - verb\n* `gruut:VB` - verb (past tense)\n\n#### Inline Lexicons\n\nInline [pronunciation lexicons](https://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-pronunciation-lexicon-20081014/) are supported via the `<lexicon>` and `<lookup>` tags. gruut diverges slightly from the [SSML standard](https://www.w3.org/TR/speech-synthesis11/) here by allowing lexicons to be defined within the SSML document itself (`url` is blank or missing). Additionally, the `id` attribute of the `<lexicon>` element can be left off to indicate a \"default\" inline lexicon that does not require a corresponding `<lookup>` tag.\n\nFor example, the following document will yield three different pronunciations for the word \"tomato\":\n\n``` xml\n<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\n<speak version=\"1.1\"\n xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/10/synthesis\"\n xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\"\n xsi:schemaLocation=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/10/synthesis\n http://www.w3.org/TR/speech-synthesis11/synthesis.xsd\"\n xml:lang=\"en-US\">\n\n <lexicon xml:id=\"test\" alphabet=\"ipa\">\n <lexeme>\n <grapheme>\n tomato\n </grapheme>\n <phoneme>\n <!-- Individual phonemes are separated by whitespace -->\n t \u0259 m \u02c8\u0251 t o\u028a\n </phoneme>\n </lexeme>\n <lexeme>\n <grapheme role=\"fake-role\">\n tomato\n </grapheme>\n <phoneme>\n <!-- Made up pronunciation for fake word role -->\n t \u0259 m \u02c8i t o\u028a\n </phoneme>\n </lexeme>\n </lexicon>\n\n <w>tomato</w>\n <lookup ref=\"test\">\n <w>tomato</w>\n <w role=\"fake-role\">tomato</w>\n </lookup>\n</speak>\n```\n\nThe first \"tomato\" will be looked up in the U.S. English lexicon (`/t \u0259 m \u02c8e\u026a t o\u028a/`). Within the `<lookup>` tag's scope, the second and third \"tomato\" words will be looked up in the inline lexicon. The third \"tomato\" word has a [role](#word-roles) attached (selecting a made up pronunciation in this case).\n\nEven further from the SSML standard, gruut allows you to leave off the `<lexicon>` id entirely. With no `id`, a `<lookup>` tag is no longer needed, allowing you to override the pronunciation of any word in the document: \n\n``` xml\n<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\n<speak version=\"1.1\"\n xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/10/synthesis\"\n xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\"\n xsi:schemaLocation=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/10/synthesis\n http://www.w3.org/TR/speech-synthesis11/synthesis.xsd\"\n xml:lang=\"en-US\">\n\n <!-- No id means change all words without a lookup -->\n <lexicon>\n <lexeme>\n <grapheme>\n tomato\n </grapheme>\n <phoneme>\n t \u0259 m \u02c8\u0251 t o\u028a\n </phoneme>\n </lexeme>\n </lexicon>\n\n <w>tomato</w>\n</speak>\n```\n\nThis will yield a pronunciation of `/t \u0259 m \u02c8\u0251 t o\u028a/` for all instances of \"tomato\" in the document (unless they have a `<lookup>`).\n\n## Intended Audience\n\ngruut is useful for transforming raw text into phonetic pronunciations, similar to [phonemizer](https://github.com/bootphon/phonemizer). Unlike phonemizer, gruut looks up words in a pre-built lexicon (pronunciation dictionary) or guesses word pronunciations with a pre-trained grapheme-to-phoneme model. Phonemes for each language come from a [carefully chosen inventory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Language_phonologies).\n\nFor each supported language, gruut includes a:\n\n* A word pronunciation lexicon built from open source data\n * See [pron_dict](https://github.com/Kyubyong/pron_dictionaries)\n* A pre-trained grapheme-to-phoneme model for guessing word pronunciations\n\nSome languages also include:\n\n* A pre-trained part of speech tagger built from open source data:\n * See [universal dependencies](https://universaldependencies.org/)\n\n\n",
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