# 🚀 **DB Migrator**
A lightweight database migration tool for managing and automating schema changes effortlessly.
---
## 📋 Requirements
- **Python**: 3.7 or higher
- **Database**: PostgreSQL (primary) or MySQL
- **Dependencies**: SQLAlchemy 2.0+, psycopg2-binary, python-dotenv
### 🐍 Python Version Compatibility
| Python Version | Status | Notes |
|----------------|--------|-------|
| 3.7 | ✅ Supported | Minimum required version |
| 3.8 | ✅ Supported | Full compatibility |
| 3.9 | ✅ Supported | Full compatibility |
| 3.10 | ✅ Supported | Full compatibility |
| 3.11 | ✅ Supported | Full compatibility |
| 3.12 | ✅ Supported | Full compatibility |
| 3.6 | ❌ Not Supported | Missing f-string support |
**Note**: Python 3.7+ is required due to the use of f-strings and modern importlib features.
---
## 📦 Features
- ✅ Seamless migration management — apply and rollback with ease
- ✅ Tracks applied migrations using a `schema_migrations` table
- ✅ Supports both **PostgreSQL** and **MySQL**
- ✅ Robust error handling and detailed logging
- ✅ Works in any Python project directory
- ✅ **NEW**: Define table columns when creating migrations
---
## 🛠️ Installation
```bash
pip install john-migrator
```
## 🚀 Quick Start
### 1. Initialize Your Project
First, create a default configuration file:
```bash
john-migrator init
```
This creates a `john_migrator_config.py` file in your project root with default settings.
### 2. Configure Your Database
Edit the generated `john_migrator_config.py` file:
```python
# john_migrator_config.py
DB_USER = "your_username"
DB_PASSWORD = "your_password"
DB_HOST = "localhost"
DB_PORT = "5432"
DB_NAME = "your_database"
MIGRATION_FOLDER = "migrations" # Optional: defaults to ./migrations
```
Or use environment variables:
```bash
export DB_USER=your_username
export DB_PASSWORD=your_password
export DB_HOST=localhost
export DB_PORT=5432
export DB_NAME=your_database
```
### 3. Create Your First Migration
#### Simple Migration (with default columns):
```bash
john-migrator create create_users_table
```
#### Migration with Custom Columns:
```bash
john-migrator create users username:varchar(255) age:integer email:varchar(100) is_active:boolean
```
This creates a migration file in your `migrations/` folder with the specified columns.
### 4. Edit the Migration (if needed)
Open the generated file and customize your SQL:
```python
from john_migrator.migrations.base_migration import BaseMigration
class Users(BaseMigration):
def __init__(self):
self.table_name = "users"
def up(self):
return """
CREATE TABLE users (
id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
username VARCHAR(255),
age INTEGER,
email VARCHAR(100),
is_active BOOLEAN,
created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NOW(),
updated_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NOW()
);
"""
def down(self):
return 'DROP TABLE IF EXISTS "users";'
```
### 5. Run Migrations
```bash
# Apply all pending migrations
john-migrator up
# Rollback the latest migration
john-migrator down
# Create a new migration with columns
john-migrator create products name:varchar(255) price:decimal(10,2) category:varchar(100)
# Modify existing tables
john-migrator alter users add age:integer add email:varchar(100)
john-migrator alter products drop old_price rename product_name:name
```
---
## 🛠️ Commands
| Command | Description | Example |
|---------|-------------|---------|
| `init` | Create a default configuration file | `john-migrator init` |
| `create` | Create a new migration file | `john-migrator create users name:varchar(255) age:integer` |
| `alter` | Create an ALTER TABLE migration | `john-migrator alter users add age:integer add email:varchar(100)` |
| `up` | Apply pending migrations | `john-migrator up` |
| `down` | Rollback the latest migration | `john-migrator down` |
| `status` | Show migration status | `john-migrator status` |
| `run` | Run a specific migration | `john-migrator run m_20250101120000_create_users up` |
### Command Details
#### `john-migrator init`
Creates a `john_migrator_config.py` file with default database and migration settings. This is the first command you should run in a new project.
#### `john-migrator create <name> [columns...]`
Creates a new migration file with the specified name and optional column definitions.
**Examples:**
```bash
# Simple migration
john-migrator create users
# Migration with columns
john-migrator create products name:varchar(255) price:decimal(10,2) category:varchar(100)
```
#### `john-migrator alter <table> <operations...>`
Creates an ALTER TABLE migration to modify existing tables.
**Operations:**
- `add column_name:type` - Add a new column
- `drop column_name` - Drop an existing column
- `modify column_name:new_type` - Modify column type
- `rename old_name:new_name` - Rename a column
**Examples:**
```bash
# Add columns
john-migrator alter users add age:integer add email:varchar(100)
# Drop and modify columns
john-migrator alter users drop old_column modify name:varchar(500)
# Rename columns
john-migrator alter products rename product_name:name
# Complex operations
john-migrator alter products add price:decimal(10,2) drop old_price rename product_name:name
```
#### `john-migrator up`
Applies all pending migrations that haven't been run yet.
#### `john-migrator down`
Rolls back the most recent batch of migrations.
#### `john-migrator status`
Shows the status of all migrations (applied vs pending).
#### `john-migrator run <migration> <action>`
Runs a specific migration with the specified action (up or down).
**Examples:**
```bash
john-migrator run m_20250101120000_create_users up
john-migrator run m_20250101120000_create_users down
```
---
## 🏗️ Architecture
The DB Migrator is built with a clean, modular architecture:
### Core Classes
- **`MigrationManager`** - Main orchestrator that coordinates all migration operations
- **`DatabaseManager`** - Handles database connections and operations
- **`MigrationGenerator`** - Creates migration files and manages templates
- **`MigrationRunner`** - Executes migrations and handles rollbacks
### File Structure
```
src/
├── __init__.py # Package initialization
├── config.py # Configuration management
├── cli.py # Command line interface
├── migrate.py # Legacy interface (backward compatibility)
├── migration_manager.py # Main migration orchestrator
├── database_manager.py # Database operations
├── migration_generator.py # Migration file generation
├── migration_runner.py # Migration execution
└── migrations/
├── __init__.py
├── base_migration.py # Abstract base class
└── *.py # Generated migration files
```
### Usage in Code
You can also use the package programmatically:
```python
from john_migrator import MigrationManager
# Initialize the manager
manager = MigrationManager()
# Create a migration
manager.create_migration("users", ["name:varchar(255)", "age:integer"])
# Run migrations
manager.run_migrations()
# Check status
manager.get_status()
```
---
## 🔄 ALTER TABLE Operations
The `alter` command supports various table modification operations:
### Supported Operations
| Operation | Syntax | Description | Rollback |
|-----------|--------|-------------|----------|
| **Add Column** | `add column_name:type` | Adds a new column to the table | ✅ Automatic (drops column) |
| **Drop Column** | `drop column_name` | Removes a column from the table | ⚠️ Manual (requires original type) |
| **Modify Column** | `modify column_name:new_type` | Changes column data type | ⚠️ Manual (requires original type) |
| **Rename Column** | `rename old_name:new_name` | Renames a column | ✅ Automatic (renames back) |
### Rollback Behavior
- **✅ Automatic Rollback**: Operations that can be automatically reversed
- **⚠️ Manual Rollback**: Operations that require manual intervention
**Example Migration:**
```python
def up(self):
return """
ALTER TABLE users ADD COLUMN age INTEGER;
ALTER TABLE users DROP COLUMN old_column;
ALTER TABLE users RENAME COLUMN product_name TO name;
"""
def down(self):
return """
ALTER TABLE users DROP COLUMN age;
-- ALTER TABLE users ADD COLUMN old_column <original_type>; -- Manual rollback required
ALTER TABLE users RENAME COLUMN name TO product_name;
"""
```
### Best Practices
1. **Test rollbacks** before applying to production
2. **Document manual rollbacks** for complex operations
3. **Use transactions** for multiple operations
4. **Backup data** before destructive operations
---
## 📝 Column Definition Syntax
When creating migrations, you can specify columns using the format: `column_name:data_type`
### Examples:
```bash
# Basic types
john-migrator create users name:varchar(255) age:integer
# With constraints
john-migrator create posts title:varchar(255) content:text author_id:integer
# Boolean and other types
john-migrator create settings user_id:integer is_active:boolean created_at:timestamp
```
### Supported Data Types:
- `varchar(n)` - Variable length string
- `text` - Long text
- `integer` - Integer number
- `bigint` - Large integer
- `decimal(p,s)` - Decimal number with precision
- `boolean` - True/False
- `timestamp` - Date and time
- `date` - Date only
- `json` - JSON data
- `uuid` - UUID/GUID
### Default Behavior:
- If no columns are specified, a default `name VARCHAR(255)` column is added
- If a column is specified without a type (e.g., `name`), it defaults to `VARCHAR(255)`
- All tables automatically get `id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY`, `created_at`, and `updated_at` columns
---
## 📁 Project Structure
After installation, your project structure will look like:
```
your-project/
├── john_migrator_config.py # Database configuration
├── migrations/ # Your migration files
│ ├── m_20250101120000_create_users_table.py
│ └── m_20250101120001_add_user_profile.py
└── .env # Optional: environment variables
```
---
## 🔧 Configuration Options
| Option | Environment Variable | Default | Description |
|--------|---------------------|---------|-------------|
| `DB_USER` | `DB_USER` | `default_user` | Database username |
| `DB_PASSWORD` | `DB_PASSWORD` | `default_password` | Database password |
| `DB_HOST` | `DB_HOST` | `localhost` | Database host |
| `DB_PORT` | `DB_PORT` | `5432` | Database port |
| `DB_NAME` | `DB_NAME` | `default_db` | Database name |
| `MIGRATION_FOLDER` | `MIGRATION_FOLDER` | `./migrations` | Migration files location |
| `MIGRATION_TABLE` | `MIGRATION_TABLE` | `migrations` | Migration tracking table |
---
## 🧪 Development
### Testing Different Python Versions
To test compatibility with different Python versions, you can use:
```bash
# Using pyenv (recommended)
pyenv install 3.7.17
pyenv install 3.8.18
pyenv install 3.9.18
pyenv install 3.10.13
pyenv install 3.11.7
pyenv install 3.12.1
# Test each version
pyenv local 3.7.17 && python -m pip install -e .
pyenv local 3.8.18 && python -m pip install -e .
pyenv local 3.9.18 && python -m pip install -e .
pyenv local 3.10.13 && python -m pip install -e .
pyenv local 3.11.7 && python -m pip install -e .
pyenv local 3.12.1 && python -m pip install -e .
```
### Using Docker for Testing
```dockerfile
# Dockerfile for testing multiple Python versions
FROM python:3.7-slim
WORKDIR /app
COPY . .
RUN pip install -e .
CMD ["john-migrator", "--help"]
```
---
## 📝 Migration Best Practices
1. **Always test migrations** in a development environment first
2. **Keep migrations small** and focused on a single change
3. **Use descriptive names** for your migration files
4. **Always implement both `up()` and `down()` methods**
5. **Use transactions** for complex migrations (handled automatically)
6. **Define columns when creating** to save time and reduce errors
---
Stay in control of your database schema with **DB Migrator**! ✨
Raw data
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"keywords": "database migration sqlalchemy postgresql mysql",
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"author_email": "krishnachauhan20993@gmail.com",
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"description": "# \ud83d\ude80 **DB Migrator**\n\nA lightweight database migration tool for managing and automating schema changes effortlessly.\n\n---\n\n## \ud83d\udccb Requirements\n\n- **Python**: 3.7 or higher\n- **Database**: PostgreSQL (primary) or MySQL\n- **Dependencies**: SQLAlchemy 2.0+, psycopg2-binary, python-dotenv\n\n### \ud83d\udc0d Python Version Compatibility\n\n| Python Version | Status | Notes |\n|----------------|--------|-------|\n| 3.7 | \u2705 Supported | Minimum required version |\n| 3.8 | \u2705 Supported | Full compatibility |\n| 3.9 | \u2705 Supported | Full compatibility |\n| 3.10 | \u2705 Supported | Full compatibility |\n| 3.11 | \u2705 Supported | Full compatibility |\n| 3.12 | \u2705 Supported | Full compatibility |\n| 3.6 | \u274c Not Supported | Missing f-string support |\n\n**Note**: Python 3.7+ is required due to the use of f-strings and modern importlib features.\n\n---\n\n## \ud83d\udce6 Features\n\n- \u2705 Seamless migration management \u2014 apply and rollback with ease\n- \u2705 Tracks applied migrations using a `schema_migrations` table\n- \u2705 Supports both **PostgreSQL** and **MySQL**\n- \u2705 Robust error handling and detailed logging\n- \u2705 Works in any Python project directory\n- \u2705 **NEW**: Define table columns when creating migrations\n\n---\n\n## \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f Installation\n\n```bash\npip install john-migrator\n```\n\n## \ud83d\ude80 Quick Start\n\n### 1. Initialize Your Project\n\nFirst, create a default configuration file:\n\n```bash\njohn-migrator init\n```\n\nThis creates a `john_migrator_config.py` file in your project root with default settings.\n\n### 2. Configure Your Database\n\nEdit the generated `john_migrator_config.py` file:\n\n```python\n# john_migrator_config.py\nDB_USER = \"your_username\"\nDB_PASSWORD = \"your_password\"\nDB_HOST = \"localhost\"\nDB_PORT = \"5432\"\nDB_NAME = \"your_database\"\nMIGRATION_FOLDER = \"migrations\" # Optional: defaults to ./migrations\n```\n\nOr use environment variables:\n\n```bash\nexport DB_USER=your_username\nexport DB_PASSWORD=your_password\nexport DB_HOST=localhost\nexport DB_PORT=5432\nexport DB_NAME=your_database\n```\n\n### 3. Create Your First Migration\n\n#### Simple Migration (with default columns):\n```bash\njohn-migrator create create_users_table\n```\n\n#### Migration with Custom Columns:\n```bash\njohn-migrator create users username:varchar(255) age:integer email:varchar(100) is_active:boolean\n```\n\nThis creates a migration file in your `migrations/` folder with the specified columns.\n\n### 4. Edit the Migration (if needed)\n\nOpen the generated file and customize your SQL:\n\n```python\nfrom john_migrator.migrations.base_migration import BaseMigration\n\nclass Users(BaseMigration):\n def __init__(self):\n self.table_name = \"users\"\n\n def up(self):\n return \"\"\"\n CREATE TABLE users (\n id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,\n username VARCHAR(255),\n age INTEGER,\n email VARCHAR(100),\n is_active BOOLEAN,\n created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NOW(),\n updated_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT NOW()\n );\n \"\"\"\n\n def down(self):\n return 'DROP TABLE IF EXISTS \"users\";'\n```\n\n### 5. Run Migrations\n\n```bash\n# Apply all pending migrations\njohn-migrator up\n\n# Rollback the latest migration\njohn-migrator down\n\n# Create a new migration with columns\njohn-migrator create products name:varchar(255) price:decimal(10,2) category:varchar(100)\n\n# Modify existing tables\njohn-migrator alter users add age:integer add email:varchar(100)\njohn-migrator alter products drop old_price rename product_name:name\n```\n\n---\n\n## \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f Commands\n\n| Command | Description | Example |\n|---------|-------------|---------|\n| `init` | Create a default configuration file | `john-migrator init` |\n| `create` | Create a new migration file | `john-migrator create users name:varchar(255) age:integer` |\n| `alter` | Create an ALTER TABLE migration | `john-migrator alter users add age:integer add email:varchar(100)` |\n| `up` | Apply pending migrations | `john-migrator up` |\n| `down` | Rollback the latest migration | `john-migrator down` |\n| `status` | Show migration status | `john-migrator status` |\n| `run` | Run a specific migration | `john-migrator run m_20250101120000_create_users up` |\n\n### Command Details\n\n#### `john-migrator init`\nCreates a `john_migrator_config.py` file with default database and migration settings. This is the first command you should run in a new project.\n\n#### `john-migrator create <name> [columns...]`\nCreates a new migration file with the specified name and optional column definitions.\n\n**Examples:**\n```bash\n# Simple migration\njohn-migrator create users\n\n# Migration with columns\njohn-migrator create products name:varchar(255) price:decimal(10,2) category:varchar(100)\n```\n\n#### `john-migrator alter <table> <operations...>`\nCreates an ALTER TABLE migration to modify existing tables.\n\n**Operations:**\n- `add column_name:type` - Add a new column\n- `drop column_name` - Drop an existing column \n- `modify column_name:new_type` - Modify column type\n- `rename old_name:new_name` - Rename a column\n\n**Examples:**\n```bash\n# Add columns\njohn-migrator alter users add age:integer add email:varchar(100)\n\n# Drop and modify columns\njohn-migrator alter users drop old_column modify name:varchar(500)\n\n# Rename columns\njohn-migrator alter products rename product_name:name\n\n# Complex operations\njohn-migrator alter products add price:decimal(10,2) drop old_price rename product_name:name\n```\n\n#### `john-migrator up`\nApplies all pending migrations that haven't been run yet.\n\n#### `john-migrator down`\nRolls back the most recent batch of migrations.\n\n#### `john-migrator status`\nShows the status of all migrations (applied vs pending).\n\n#### `john-migrator run <migration> <action>`\nRuns a specific migration with the specified action (up or down).\n\n**Examples:**\n```bash\njohn-migrator run m_20250101120000_create_users up\njohn-migrator run m_20250101120000_create_users down\n```\n\n---\n\n## \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f Architecture\n\nThe DB Migrator is built with a clean, modular architecture:\n\n### Core Classes\n\n- **`MigrationManager`** - Main orchestrator that coordinates all migration operations\n- **`DatabaseManager`** - Handles database connections and operations\n- **`MigrationGenerator`** - Creates migration files and manages templates\n- **`MigrationRunner`** - Executes migrations and handles rollbacks\n\n### File Structure\n\n```\nsrc/\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 __init__.py # Package initialization\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 config.py # Configuration management\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 cli.py # Command line interface\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 migrate.py # Legacy interface (backward compatibility)\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 migration_manager.py # Main migration orchestrator\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 database_manager.py # Database operations\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 migration_generator.py # Migration file generation\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 migration_runner.py # Migration execution\n\u2514\u2500\u2500 migrations/\n \u251c\u2500\u2500 __init__.py\n \u251c\u2500\u2500 base_migration.py # Abstract base class\n \u2514\u2500\u2500 *.py # Generated migration files\n```\n\n### Usage in Code\n\nYou can also use the package programmatically:\n\n```python\nfrom john_migrator import MigrationManager\n\n# Initialize the manager\nmanager = MigrationManager()\n\n# Create a migration\nmanager.create_migration(\"users\", [\"name:varchar(255)\", \"age:integer\"])\n\n# Run migrations\nmanager.run_migrations()\n\n# Check status\nmanager.get_status()\n```\n\n---\n\n## \ud83d\udd04 ALTER TABLE Operations\n\nThe `alter` command supports various table modification operations:\n\n### Supported Operations\n\n| Operation | Syntax | Description | Rollback |\n|-----------|--------|-------------|----------|\n| **Add Column** | `add column_name:type` | Adds a new column to the table | \u2705 Automatic (drops column) |\n| **Drop Column** | `drop column_name` | Removes a column from the table | \u26a0\ufe0f Manual (requires original type) |\n| **Modify Column** | `modify column_name:new_type` | Changes column data type | \u26a0\ufe0f Manual (requires original type) |\n| **Rename Column** | `rename old_name:new_name` | Renames a column | \u2705 Automatic (renames back) |\n\n### Rollback Behavior\n\n- **\u2705 Automatic Rollback**: Operations that can be automatically reversed\n- **\u26a0\ufe0f Manual Rollback**: Operations that require manual intervention\n\n**Example Migration:**\n```python\ndef up(self):\n return \"\"\"\n ALTER TABLE users ADD COLUMN age INTEGER;\n ALTER TABLE users DROP COLUMN old_column;\n ALTER TABLE users RENAME COLUMN product_name TO name;\n \"\"\"\n\ndef down(self):\n return \"\"\"\n ALTER TABLE users DROP COLUMN age;\n -- ALTER TABLE users ADD COLUMN old_column <original_type>; -- Manual rollback required\n ALTER TABLE users RENAME COLUMN name TO product_name;\n \"\"\"\n```\n\n### Best Practices\n\n1. **Test rollbacks** before applying to production\n2. **Document manual rollbacks** for complex operations\n3. **Use transactions** for multiple operations\n4. **Backup data** before destructive operations\n\n---\n\n## \ud83d\udcdd Column Definition Syntax\n\nWhen creating migrations, you can specify columns using the format: `column_name:data_type`\n\n### Examples:\n```bash\n# Basic types\njohn-migrator create users name:varchar(255) age:integer\n\n# With constraints\njohn-migrator create posts title:varchar(255) content:text author_id:integer\n\n# Boolean and other types\njohn-migrator create settings user_id:integer is_active:boolean created_at:timestamp\n```\n\n### Supported Data Types:\n- `varchar(n)` - Variable length string\n- `text` - Long text\n- `integer` - Integer number\n- `bigint` - Large integer\n- `decimal(p,s)` - Decimal number with precision\n- `boolean` - True/False\n- `timestamp` - Date and time\n- `date` - Date only\n- `json` - JSON data\n- `uuid` - UUID/GUID\n\n### Default Behavior:\n- If no columns are specified, a default `name VARCHAR(255)` column is added\n- If a column is specified without a type (e.g., `name`), it defaults to `VARCHAR(255)`\n- All tables automatically get `id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY`, `created_at`, and `updated_at` columns\n\n---\n\n## \ud83d\udcc1 Project Structure\n\nAfter installation, your project structure will look like:\n\n```\nyour-project/\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 john_migrator_config.py # Database configuration\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 migrations/ # Your migration files\n\u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500 m_20250101120000_create_users_table.py\n\u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500 m_20250101120001_add_user_profile.py\n\u2514\u2500\u2500 .env # Optional: environment variables\n```\n\n---\n\n## \ud83d\udd27 Configuration Options\n\n| Option | Environment Variable | Default | Description |\n|--------|---------------------|---------|-------------|\n| `DB_USER` | `DB_USER` | `default_user` | Database username |\n| `DB_PASSWORD` | `DB_PASSWORD` | `default_password` | Database password |\n| `DB_HOST` | `DB_HOST` | `localhost` | Database host |\n| `DB_PORT` | `DB_PORT` | `5432` | Database port |\n| `DB_NAME` | `DB_NAME` | `default_db` | Database name |\n| `MIGRATION_FOLDER` | `MIGRATION_FOLDER` | `./migrations` | Migration files location |\n| `MIGRATION_TABLE` | `MIGRATION_TABLE` | `migrations` | Migration tracking table |\n\n---\n\n## \ud83e\uddea Development\n\n### Testing Different Python Versions\n\nTo test compatibility with different Python versions, you can use:\n\n```bash\n# Using pyenv (recommended)\npyenv install 3.7.17\npyenv install 3.8.18\npyenv install 3.9.18\npyenv install 3.10.13\npyenv install 3.11.7\npyenv install 3.12.1\n\n# Test each version\npyenv local 3.7.17 && python -m pip install -e .\npyenv local 3.8.18 && python -m pip install -e .\npyenv local 3.9.18 && python -m pip install -e .\npyenv local 3.10.13 && python -m pip install -e .\npyenv local 3.11.7 && python -m pip install -e .\npyenv local 3.12.1 && python -m pip install -e .\n```\n\n### Using Docker for Testing\n\n```dockerfile\n# Dockerfile for testing multiple Python versions\nFROM python:3.7-slim\nWORKDIR /app\nCOPY . .\nRUN pip install -e .\nCMD [\"john-migrator\", \"--help\"]\n```\n\n---\n\n## \ud83d\udcdd Migration Best Practices\n\n1. **Always test migrations** in a development environment first\n2. **Keep migrations small** and focused on a single change\n3. **Use descriptive names** for your migration files\n4. **Always implement both `up()` and `down()` methods**\n5. **Use transactions** for complex migrations (handled automatically)\n6. **Define columns when creating** to save time and reduce errors\n\n---\n\nStay in control of your database schema with **DB Migrator**! \u2728\n\n",
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